@IvanJo, Thanks for posting in Q&A. From your description, I know some devices have issue with Microsoft Calculator App after installing Company portal.
Based on my checking in my lab, I find my Intune enrolled device doesn't have issue to open Microsoft Calculator App. So I think it may nor related. You can unenroll the device to see if the issue persists.
Meanwhile< I notice The Windows Store has been partially disabled. For the error message, it seems to be related with windows store. To check if it may affect. I suggest test on one device which Windows Store are not partially disabled but Intune enrolled to see if it has the same issue.
Please check the above information and if there's any update, feel free to let us know.
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