Thank you for reaching out. I would like to confirm you that Visual Studio by design authenticates users against all the tenant’s user is part of. Hence if the user is part of any other tenant which has conditional access policy he might be getting blocked due to conditional access policy on that tenant.
Affected user can browse to https://myaccount.microsoft.com/organizations to review the tenants/organizations he is part of and leave if there is any unwanted organization he can leave that organization to fix the issue.
- User can also follow the details mentioned in following article to get detail steps to Leave an organization as a guest user - Azure Active Directory External Identities | Microsoft Learn
- If user is unable to leave this tenant using self-serve option, then he might need to contact tenant admin for mentioned tenant and ask them to either exclude him from the policy or remove the user from the tenant.
I hope this helps and hence would request you to please "Accept the answer" if the information helped you. This will help us and others in the community as well.