Hello
According to present symptom, there is possibility that present disk has got corrupted. It is recommended to contact the professional data recovery center for help if the data in the drive is important before we take any actions.
We can try the following steps to troubleshoot present issue:
1.check the presenst status of the drive with command line "manage-bde -status E:" (replace the drive letter with your own drive letter)
2.Try "manage-bde -unlock E: -recoverypassword xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxx" to unlock the drive (replace the E: with your own drive letter)
3.Try to recover the data to other drive with repair-bde command.
repair-bde C: D: -rp 111111-222222-333333-444444-555555-666666-777777-888888
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/repair-bde
4.Since the issue after update, we can try to uninstall the installed update then reboot to check the issue again.