Hi Vivek Gupta,
Thank you for posting your query on Microsoft Q&A!
If the device was removed by "Device registration service" then it seems the user disconnected from the Entra ID domain from the device itself, possibly by clicking "Disconnect this account" in their Windows settings, or running the command "Dsregcmd /leave" in CMD.
If you connect to the device and run "dsregcmd /status" it will show if it is still joined from the device side, if not you can join it again here by running "dsregcmd /join"
Do let me know if you have any further queries, I would be happy to help.
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