@Guilherme Dos Santos Soares, Thanks for posting in Q&A. From your description, it seems we have done COPE enrollment but the personal profile is not there.
To check on this, please firstly go to Intune portal, and check what is the OS of the affected device.
Meanwhile, please also check your device to see if it is in the Android Enterprise: support list.
https://androidenterprisepartners.withgoogle.com/devices
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
Please check the above information and if there's any update, feel free to let us know.
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