To have an event based trigger, you can enable triggers within Azure SQL database to trigger stored procedure on update/insert/delete of any data from a table.
And via Stored procedure, you can use the External REST API endpoint to trigger an ADF pipeline via REST API :
The below blog provides the details for event trigger :https://datasharkx.wordpress.com/2022/12/02/event-trigger-azure-data-factory-synapse-pipeline-via-azure-sql-database/
And then use the watermark way or CDC way for incremental load :