@Marcelo Pissinati - LDB, Thanks for posting in Q&A. From your description, it seems the error comes after we delete the Users group from "Allow local logon".
For Users group, this is a built-in group which include authenticated users.
To let users can login, we can add it back. To do this, we can follow the steps in the following link:
- Go to Intune admin center, Devices->Configuration, click Create, New Policy, Platform: Windows 10 and late. Profile type: Settings Catalog. click create.
- Type profile name, Add settings, find "Allow Local Log On" setting and add back the Users group to make it work.
For SID of the group, here is a link you can refer.
- Under assignment, add the affected device group under include to assign this policy to the affected devices.
- Sync policy to the device and wait for some time and see if it can work after the policy is applied.
Here is a link list the steps for your reference.
https://inthecloud247.com/using-a-sid-for-user-rights-in-the-intune-settings-catalog/
Note: non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
Hope the above information can help.
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