@Jack Fields Thanks for posting in our Q&A. From your description, I know that this policy doesn't work.
To clarify this issue, we appreciate your help to collect some information:
1.Please check if this policy show "succeeded" status in intune portal.
2.If yes, please type "chrome://policy" in the address bar. This will display all of the policies applied to the browser.
3.Based on my research, I find the following article that configure Google Chrome on macOS with Intune.
https://thenewnumber2.com/2022/07/12/configure-google-chrome-on-macos-with-intune/
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
If there is anything update, feel free to let us know.
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