@Mytoast Admin, For your question, I would like to say yes, two different users can log in to the same device with their Entra ID credentials from the same domain on Entra ID joined devices. In Intune, there's a policy setting "Allow Local Log" which we can configure the allow user to login the device. Here is a link with detailed steps for your reference.
https://petervanderwoude.nl/post/restricting-the-local-log-on-to-specific-users/
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
Hope the above information can help.
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