Since you're using volume license product keys you should have also used volume center download so the channels line up. As a work around you can try using kms keys as intermediate step.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/kmsclientkeys#windows-server-2012-r2
(below assumes 2012 R2 Standard)
Dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerStandard /AcceptEula /ProductKey:D2N9P-3P6X9-2R39C-7RTCD-MDVJX
then after reboot
(below using your volume product key)
slmgr /ipk xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx
slmgr /ato
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