Hello Émeric Trang,
Thank you for reaching out to Microsoft Support!!
For creating Townhalls using Graph API, as per the official documentation, only delegated permissions are supported i.e.VirtualEvent.ReadWrite. We recommend you testing the API in Graph Explorer by signing in as user having organizer role and let us know if you are able to create townhall event.
Link: Create Townhall permissions
Role required: virtualeventtownhall-objects Roles
Also, after adding the permissions, without granting the admin consent the roles might not appear in the token claims.
Hope this helps.
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