Managing Linux devices using Microsoft Intune
It turns out the interaction between microsoft-identity-broker and intune-portal is still broken. This AWS Workspace machine running Ubuntu that was supposedly "fixed" by the 2.0.2 discussed above has apparently been failing to "check in" with Intune since this memory issue started, and it's still happening to this day. The only reason I've been able to use SSO in the meantime is because we relaxed the requirement to "check in". Today, our policy was updated to require check-in, and that broke access to all SSO-reliant services.
So there is still no real fix.
Over the past year since the original incident, I've had to update my apt sources due to changes in the microsoft apt source repo, so now this machine is currently running these versions:
Package: microsoft-identity-broker
Version: 3.0.2-jammy
APT-Sources: https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/prod jammy/main amd64 Packages
Package: intune-portal
Version: 1.2604.19-jammy
APT-Sources: https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/prod jammy/main amd64 Packages