Hello Hyperlance,
Thank you for posting your query on Microsoft Community forum. I would like to appreciate you for the efforts which you took to fix your problem and thank you for providing the detailed information about your issue to us.
Try the below mentioned steps and see if it helps.
I would suggest you to perform clean boot and then try to disable security software temporarily, if any installed on your computer and then try to connect remote desktop.
Step 1
Perform clean boot.
Putting your system in Clean Boot state helps in identifying if any third party applications or startup items are causing the issue. You need to follow the steps from the article mentioned below to perform a Clean Boot.
How to perform a clean boot in Windows
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/929135/en-us
Note: Refer "How to reset the computer to start normally after clean boot troubleshooting" to reset the computer to start as normal after troubleshooting.
Step 2
Disable Security Software Temporarily.
Disable anti-virus ****
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Disable-antivirus-software
Note: Antivirus software can help protect your computer against viruses and other security threats. In most cases, you shouldn't disable your antivirus software. If you have to temporarily disable it to install other software, you should re-enable it as soon as you're done. If you're connected to the Internet or a network while your antivirus software is disabled, your computer is vulnerable to attacks.
Hope this would help. If issue still persists post back with current status of your computer and result of proposed suggestion, we will be happy to assist you.
Thank you.