I'm a little late to the game here, but I had a user at my company report this same issue. This just doesn't even sound like a best practice. I know you can attach a file to a OneNote page, but... should you? Why would you store the Excel file on a OneNote notebook page? Why not use a link to a cloud storage location (such as SharePoint, OneDrive, etc.) instead?
Storing a file within the OneNote page, you won't get the benefits of file recovery, file versioning, or multi-user editing for the Excel files like you would if the Excel files were in the SharePoint library (or OneDrive, or Box, or pick-your-cloud-storage solution). Also, Excel can have many more simultaneous edits whereas OneNote is limited in the number of simultaneous edits to a OneNote page.
Instead, store the Excel in a SharePoint library that everyone has access to and link to the file in OneNote. From the sheer file size bloat of the OneNote notebook file alone, this will improve performance for everyone - and would likely resolve the issue.