Dear Matthew Rankel
Thank you for your reply.
If only the file cannot be opened, it should be damaged. Have you backed up the file in another path? Or have you sent the file to other users? You can try to retrieve the copy file.
Time Machine on Mac is indeed a way to recover data. You can refer to this article:
Restore items backed up with Time Machine on Mac – Apple Support
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I hope the above information is helpful to you. Looking forward to your reply.
Best Regards,
Tracy - MSFT | Microsoft Community Support Specialist