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Hi, Matthew Welter
This can happen even if there is only one Microsoft account, because the “second password” may not actually be a normal account password. It could be a saved browser/password-manager entry, an app password for older apps, or a passwordless/passkey/Windows Hello sign-in being mistaken for a second password.
Besides the solutions provided by the Q&A Assist, here are some suggestions you can try:
First, test it in a clean way. Open a private/InPrivate browser window, go to the Microsoft account sign-in page, and manually type each login and password. Do not use autofill. If only one works, the issue is probably a saved password in the browser or password manager.
If both still work, go to Security > Advanced security options in the Microsoft account. Check whether app passwords, passkeys, Authenticator, Windows Hello, or other sign-in methods are listed. It is recommended that you remove anything you do not recognize, especially old app passwords or old devices.
Then change the Microsoft account password once from the official account security page. After that, sign out of all devices if the option is offered, then sign back in only with the new password.
Also check the Recent activity page. If you see “app password created,” “app password deleted,” unfamiliar devices, or unknown locations, treat it as a security issue and remove those methods immediately.
If two different typed passwords still work after all that, I would contact Microsoft support, because normal web sign-in should not keep two regular passwords active at the same time.
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Thank you for your patience in reading, I hope this information has been helpful to you.
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