@oblivion You cannot use Resource Graph to get the appsettings details of your function app.
The workaround will be using the Management REST API, Powershell or CLI to get the app setting details of the function app.
In case if you are using Azure Management API You need to write your custom logic to first query all the function apps on your subscription using Web Apps List API and filter with the function app. Now use List Application Settings API to get the app setting for a particular function app.