@julien Hardy
we ran into the same issue today.
we first ran the powershell script (as admin) https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/reference-connect-tls-enforcement#powershell-script-to-check-tls-12
then we ran via powershell as admin
c:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect tabbed to the executable
.\AzureADConnect.ext /interactiveauth
Hope that helps? we are now waiting for it to fully sync over, but we overcame the issue you had