The below query :
SELECT DISTINCT pr.principal_id, pr.name AS [UserName], pr.type_desc AS [User_or_Role], pr.authentication_type_desc AS [Auth_Type], pe.state_desc,
pe.permission_name, pe.class_desc, o.[name] AS 'Object'FROM sys.database_principals AS pr
JOIN sys.database_permissions AS pe ON pe.grantee_principal_id = pr.principal_id
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS o on (o.object_id = pe.major_id)
would give access details at object level. So you can get schema detail based on objects via sys.objects