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Azure Cosmos DB input binding for Azure Functions 2.x and higher

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The Azure Cosmos DB input binding uses the SQL API to retrieve one or more Azure Cosmos DB documents and passes them to the input parameter of the function. The document ID or query parameters can be determined based on the trigger that invokes the function.

For information on setup and configuration details, see the overview.

Note

When the collection is partitioned, lookup operations must also specify the partition key value.

Example

Unless otherwise noted, examples in this article target version 3.x of the Azure Cosmos DB extension. For use with extension version 4.x, you need to replace the string collection in property and attribute names with container.

A C# function can be created using one of the following C# modes:

  • In-process class library: compiled C# function that runs in the same process as the Functions runtime.
  • Isolated worker process class library: compiled C# function that runs in a worker process that is isolated from the runtime. Isolated worker process is required to support C# functions running on non-LTS versions .NET and the .NET Framework.
  • C# script: used primarily when creating C# functions in the Azure portal.

This section contains the following examples for using in-process C# class library functions with extension version 3.x:

The examples refer to a simple ToDoItem type:

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public class ToDoItem
    {
        [JsonProperty("id")]
        public string Id { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("partitionKey")]
        public string PartitionKey { get; set; }

        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

Queue trigger, look up ID from JSON

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by a queue message that contains a JSON object. The queue trigger parses the JSON into an object of type ToDoItemLookup, which contains the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public class ToDoItemLookup
    {
        public string ToDoItemId { get; set; }

        public string ToDoItemPartitionKeyValue { get; set; }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocByIdFromJSON
    {
        [FunctionName("DocByIdFromJSON")]
        public static void Run(
            [QueueTrigger("todoqueueforlookup")] ToDoItemLookup toDoItemLookup,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection",
                Id = "{ToDoItemId}",
                PartitionKey = "{ToDoItemPartitionKeyValue}")]ToDoItem toDoItem,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation($"C# Queue trigger function processed Id={toDoItemLookup?.ToDoItemId} Key={toDoItemLookup?.ToDoItemPartitionKeyValue}");

            if (toDoItem == null)
            {
                log.LogInformation($"ToDo item not found");
            }
            else
            {
                log.LogInformation($"Found ToDo item, Description={toDoItem.Description}");
            }
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a query string to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

Note

The HTTP query string parameter is case-sensitive.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocByIdFromQueryString
    {
        [FunctionName("DocByIdFromQueryString")]
        public static IActionResult Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post", Route = null)]
                HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection",
                Id = "{Query.id}",
                PartitionKey = "{Query.partitionKey}")] ToDoItem toDoItem,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

            if (toDoItem == null)
            {
                log.LogInformation($"ToDo item not found");
            }
            else
            {
                log.LogInformation($"Found ToDo item, Description={toDoItem.Description}");
            }
            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses route data to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocByIdFromRouteData
    {
        [FunctionName("DocByIdFromRouteData")]
        public static IActionResult Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post",
                Route = "todoitems/{partitionKey}/{id}")]HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection",
                Id = "{id}",
                PartitionKey = "{partitionKey}")] ToDoItem toDoItem,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

            if (toDoItem == null)
            {
                log.LogInformation($"ToDo item not found");
            }
            else
            {
                log.LogInformation($"Found ToDo item, Description={toDoItem.Description}");
            }
            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data, using SqlQuery

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses route data to specify the ID to look up. That ID is used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

The example shows how to use a binding expression in the SqlQuery parameter. You can pass route data to the SqlQuery parameter as shown, but currently you can't pass query string values.

Note

If you need to query by just the ID, it is recommended to use a look up, like the previous examples, as it will consume less request units. Point read operations (GET) are more efficient than queries by ID.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocByIdFromRouteDataUsingSqlQuery
    {
        [FunctionName("DocByIdFromRouteDataUsingSqlQuery")]
        public static IActionResult Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post",
                Route = "todoitems2/{id}")]HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB("ToDoItems", "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection",
                SqlQuery = "select * from ToDoItems r where r.id = {id}")]
                IEnumerable<ToDoItem> toDoItems,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

            foreach (ToDoItem toDoItem in toDoItems)
            {
                log.LogInformation(toDoItem.Description);
            }
            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, get multiple docs, using SqlQuery

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a list of documents. The function is triggered by an HTTP request. The query is specified in the SqlQuery attribute property.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocsBySqlQuery
    {
        [FunctionName("DocsBySqlQuery")]
        public static IActionResult Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post", Route = null)]
                HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection",
                SqlQuery = "SELECT top 2 * FROM c order by c._ts desc")]
                IEnumerable<ToDoItem> toDoItems,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");
            foreach (ToDoItem toDoItem in toDoItems)
            {
                log.LogInformation(toDoItem.Description);
            }
            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, get multiple docs, using DocumentClient

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a list of documents. The function is triggered by an HTTP request. The code uses a DocumentClient instance provided by the Azure Cosmos DB binding to read a list of documents. The DocumentClient instance could also be used for write operations.

Note

You can also use the IDocumentClient interface to make testing easier.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.Documents.Client;
using Microsoft.Azure.Documents.Linq;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocsByUsingDocumentClient
    {
        [FunctionName("DocsByUsingDocumentClient")]
        public static async Task<IActionResult> Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post",
                Route = null)]HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                collectionName: "Items",
                ConnectionStringSetting = "CosmosDBConnection")] DocumentClient client,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

            var searchterm = req.Query["searchterm"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(searchterm))
            {
                return (ActionResult)new NotFoundResult();
            }

            Uri collectionUri = UriFactory.CreateDocumentCollectionUri("ToDoItems", "Items");

            log.LogInformation($"Searching for: {searchterm}");

            IDocumentQuery<ToDoItem> query = client.CreateDocumentQuery<ToDoItem>(collectionUri)
                .Where(p => p.Description.Contains(searchterm))
                .AsDocumentQuery();

            while (query.HasMoreResults)
            {
                foreach (ToDoItem result in await query.ExecuteNextAsync())
                {
                    log.LogInformation(result.Description);
                }
            }
            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, get multiple docs, using CosmosClient

The following example shows a C# function that retrieves a list of documents. The function is triggered by an HTTP request. The code uses a CosmosClient instance provided by the Azure Cosmos DB binding, available in extension version 4.x, to read a list of documents. The CosmosClient instance could also be used for write operations.

using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Azure.Cosmos;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host;
using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace CosmosDBSamplesV2
{
    public static class DocsByUsingCosmosClient
    {  
        [FunctionName("DocsByUsingCosmosClient")]
        public static async Task<IActionResult> Run(
            [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post",
                Route = null)]HttpRequest req,
            [CosmosDB(
                databaseName: "ToDoItems",
                containerName: "Items",
                Connection = "CosmosDBConnection")] CosmosClient client,
            ILogger log)
        {
            log.LogInformation("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

            var searchterm = req.Query["searchterm"].ToString();
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(searchterm))
            {
                return (ActionResult)new NotFoundResult();
            }

            Container container = client.GetDatabase("ToDoItems").GetContainer("Items");

            log.LogInformation($"Searching for: {searchterm}");

            QueryDefinition queryDefinition = new QueryDefinition(
                "SELECT * FROM items i WHERE CONTAINS(i.Description, @searchterm)")
                .WithParameter("@searchterm", searchterm);
            using (FeedIterator<ToDoItem> resultSet = container.GetItemQueryIterator<ToDoItem>(queryDefinition))
            {
                while (resultSet.HasMoreResults)
                {
                    FeedResponse<ToDoItem> response = await resultSet.ReadNextAsync();
                    ToDoItem item = response.First();
                    log.LogInformation(item.Description);
                }
            }

            return new OkResult();
        }
    }
}

This section contains the following examples:

The examples refer to a simple ToDoItem type:

public class ToDoItem {

  private String id;
  private String description;

  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public String getDescription() {
    return description;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "ToDoItem={id=" + id + ",description=" + description + "}";
  }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string - String parameter

The following example shows a Java function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a query string to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a document from the specified database and collection, in String form.

public class DocByIdFromQueryString {

    @FunctionName("DocByIdFromQueryString")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBInput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              id = "{Query.id}",
              partitionKey = "{Query.partitionKeyValue}",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            Optional<String> item,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());
        context.getLogger().info("String from the database is " + (item.isPresent() ? item.get() : null));

        // Convert and display
        if (!item.isPresent()) {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                          .body("Document not found.")
                          .build();
        }
        else {
            // return JSON from Cosmos. Alternatively, we can parse the JSON string
            // and return an enriched JSON object.
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                          .body(item.get())
                          .build();
        }
    }
}

In the Java functions runtime library, use the @CosmosDBInput annotation on function parameters whose value would come from Azure Cosmos DB. This annotation can be used with native Java types, POJOs, or nullable values using Optional<T>.

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string - POJO parameter

The following example shows a Java function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a query string to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value used to retrieve a document from the specified database and collection. The document is then converted to an instance of the ToDoItem POJO previously created, and passed as an argument to the function.

public class DocByIdFromQueryStringPojo {

    @FunctionName("DocByIdFromQueryStringPojo")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBInput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              id = "{Query.id}",
              partitionKey = "{Query.partitionKeyValue}",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            ToDoItem item,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());
        context.getLogger().info("Item from the database is " + item);

        // Convert and display
        if (item == null) {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                          .body("Document not found.")
                          .build();
        }
        else {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                          .body(item)
                          .build();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data

The following example shows a Java function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a route parameter to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a document from the specified database and collection, returning it as an Optional<String>.

public class DocByIdFromRoute {

    @FunctionName("DocByIdFromRoute")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS,
              route = "todoitems/{partitionKeyValue}/{id}")
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBInput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              id = "{id}",
              partitionKey = "{partitionKeyValue}",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            Optional<String> item,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());
        context.getLogger().info("String from the database is " + (item.isPresent() ? item.get() : null));

        // Convert and display
        if (!item.isPresent()) {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                          .body("Document not found.")
                          .build();
        }
        else {
            // return JSON from Cosmos. Alternatively, we can parse the JSON string
            // and return an enriched JSON object.
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                          .body(item.get())
                          .build();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data, using SqlQuery

The following example shows a Java function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a route parameter to specify the ID to look up. That ID is used to retrieve a document from the specified database and collection, converting the result set to a ToDoItem[], since many documents may be returned, depending on the query criteria.

Note

If you need to query by just the ID, it is recommended to use a look up, like the previous examples, as it will consume less request units. Point read operations (GET) are more efficient than queries by ID.

public class DocByIdFromRouteSqlQuery {

    @FunctionName("DocByIdFromRouteSqlQuery")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS,
              route = "todoitems2/{id}")
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBInput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              sqlQuery = "select * from Items r where r.id = {id}",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            ToDoItem[] item,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());
        context.getLogger().info("Items from the database are " + item);

        // Convert and display
        if (item == null) {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                          .body("Document not found.")
                          .build();
        }
        else {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                          .body(item)
                          .build();
        }
    }
}

HTTP trigger, get multiple docs from route data, using SqlQuery

The following example shows a Java function that retrieves multiple documents. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a route parameter desc to specify the string to search for in the description field. The search term is used to retrieve a collection of documents from the specified database and collection, converting the result set to a ToDoItem[] and passing it as an argument to the function.

public class DocsFromRouteSqlQuery {

    @FunctionName("DocsFromRouteSqlQuery")
    public HttpResponseMessage run(
            @HttpTrigger(name = "req",
              methods = {HttpMethod.GET},
              authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS,
              route = "todoitems3/{desc}")
            HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
            @CosmosDBInput(name = "database",
              databaseName = "ToDoList",
              collectionName = "Items",
              sqlQuery = "select * from Items r where contains(r.description, {desc})",
              connectionStringSetting = "Cosmos_DB_Connection_String")
            ToDoItem[] items,
            final ExecutionContext context) {

        // Item list
        context.getLogger().info("Parameters are: " + request.getQueryParameters());
        context.getLogger().info("Number of items from the database is " + (items == null ? 0 : items.length));

        // Convert and display
        if (items == null) {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
                          .body("No documents found.")
                          .build();
        }
        else {
            return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
                          .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
                          .body(items)
                          .build();
        }
    }
}

This section contains the following examples that read a single document by specifying an ID value from various sources:

Queue trigger, look up ID from JSON

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB input binding in a function.json file and a JavaScript function that uses the binding. The function reads a single document and updates the document's text value.

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "inputDocumentIn",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "id" : "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "in"
},
{
    "name": "inputDocumentOut",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "createIfNotExists": false,
    "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "out"
}

The configuration section explains these properties.

Here's the JavaScript code:

    // Change input document contents using Azure Cosmos DB input binding, using context.bindings.inputDocumentOut
    module.exports = async function (context) {
        context.bindings.inputDocumentOut = context.bindings.inputDocumentIn;
        context.bindings.inputDocumentOut.text = "This was updated!";
    };

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string

The following example shows a JavaScript function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a query string to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

Here's the function.json file:

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "anonymous",
      "name": "req",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "methods": [
        "get",
        "post"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "$return",
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out"
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "name": "toDoItem",
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems",
      "collectionName": "Items",
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
      "direction": "in",
      "Id": "{Query.id}",
      "PartitionKey": "{Query.partitionKeyValue}"
    }
  ],
  "disabled": false
}

Here's the JavaScript code:

module.exports = async function (context, req, toDoItem) {
    context.log('JavaScript queue trigger function processed work item');
    if (!toDoItem)
    {
        context.log("ToDo item not found");
    }
    else
    {
        context.log("Found ToDo item, Description=" + toDoItem.Description);
    }
};

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data

The following example shows a JavaScript function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses route data to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

Here's the function.json file:

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "anonymous",
      "name": "req",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "methods": [
        "get",
        "post"
      ],
      "route":"todoitems/{partitionKeyValue}/{id}"
    },
    {
      "name": "$return",
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out"
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "name": "toDoItem",
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems",
      "collectionName": "Items",
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
      "direction": "in",
      "Id": "{id}",
      "PartitionKey": "{partitionKeyValue}"
    }
  ],
  "disabled": false
}

Here's the JavaScript code:

module.exports = async function (context, req, toDoItem) {
    context.log('JavaScript queue trigger function processed work item');
    if (!toDoItem)
    {
        context.log("ToDo item not found");
    }
    else
    {
        context.log("Found ToDo item, Description=" + toDoItem.Description);
    }
};

Queue trigger, get multiple docs, using SqlQuery

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB input binding in a function.json file and a JavaScript function that uses the binding. The function retrieves multiple documents specified by a SQL query, using a queue trigger to customize the query parameters.

The queue trigger provides a parameter departmentId. A queue message of { "departmentId" : "Finance" } would return all records for the finance department.

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "documents",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "direction": "in",
    "databaseName": "MyDb",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "sqlQuery": "SELECT * from c where c.departmentId = {departmentId}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection"
}

The configuration section explains these properties.

Here's the JavaScript code:

module.exports = async function (context, input) {
  var documents = context.bindings.documents;
  for (var i = 0; i < documents.length; i++) {
    var document = documents[i];
    // operate on each document
  }
};

Queue trigger, look up ID from JSON

The following example demonstrates how to read and update a single Azure Cosmos DB document. The document's unique identifier is provided through JSON value in a queue message.

The Azure Cosmos DB input binding is listed first in the list of bindings found in the function's configuration file (function.json).

{
  "name": "InputDocumentIn",
  "type": "cosmosDB",
  "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
  "collectionName": "MyCollection",
  "id": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
  "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
  "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
  "direction": "in"
},
{
  "name": "InputDocumentOut",
  "type": "cosmosDB",
  "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
  "collectionName": "MyCollection",
  "createIfNotExists": false,
  "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
  "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
  "direction": "out"
}

The run.ps1 file has the PowerShell code which reads the incoming document and outputs changes.

param($QueueItem, $InputDocumentIn, $TriggerMetadata)

$Document = $InputDocumentIn 
$Document.text = 'This was updated!'

Push-OutputBinding -Name InputDocumentOut -Value $Document

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string

The following example demonstrates how to read and update a single Azure Cosmos DB document from a web API. The document's unique identifier is provided through a querystring parameter from the HTTP request, as defined in the binding's "Id": "{Query.Id}" property.

The Azure Cosmos DB input binding is listed first in the list of bindings found in the function's configuration file (function.json).

{ 
  "bindings": [ 
    { 
      "type": "cosmosDB", 
      "name": "ToDoItem", 
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems", 
      "collectionName": "Items", 
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection", 
      "direction": "in", 
      "Id": "{Query.id}", 
      "PartitionKey": "{Query.partitionKeyValue}" 
    },
    { 
      "authLevel": "anonymous", 
      "name": "Request", 
      "type": "httpTrigger", 
      "direction": "in", 
      "methods": [ 
        "get", 
        "post" 
      ] 
    }, 
    { 
      "name": "Response", 
      "type": "http", 
      "direction": "out" 
    },
  ], 
  "disabled": false 
}

The run.ps1 file has the PowerShell code which reads the incoming document and outputs changes.

using namespace System.Net

param($Request, $ToDoItem, $TriggerMetadata)

Write-Host 'PowerShell HTTP trigger function processed a request'

if (-not $ToDoItem) { 
    Write-Host 'ToDo item not found'

    Push-OutputBinding -Name Response -Value ([HttpResponseContext]@{ 
        StatusCode = [HttpStatusCode]::NotFound 
        Body = $ToDoItem.Description 
    })

} else {

    Write-Host "Found ToDo item, Description=$($ToDoItem.Description)"

    Push-OutputBinding -Name Response -Value ([HttpResponseContext]@{ 
        StatusCode = [HttpStatusCode]::OK 
        Body = $ToDoItem.Description 
    }) 
}

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data

The following example demonstrates how to read and update a single Azure Cosmos DB document from a web API. The document's unique identifier is provided through a route parameter. The route parameter is defined in the HTTP request binding's route property and referenced in the Azure Cosmos DB "Id": "{Id}" binding property.

The Azure Cosmos DB input binding is listed first in the list of bindings found in the function's configuration file (function.json).

{ 
  "bindings": [ 
    { 
      "type": "cosmosDB", 
      "name": "ToDoItem", 
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems", 
      "collectionName": "Items", 
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection", 
      "direction": "in", 
      "Id": "{id}", 
      "PartitionKey": "{partitionKeyValue}" 
    },
    { 
      "authLevel": "anonymous", 
      "name": "Request", 
      "type": "httpTrigger", 
      "direction": "in", 
      "methods": [ 
        "get", 
        "post" 
      ], 
      "route": "todoitems/{partitionKeyValue}/{id}" 
    }, 
    { 
      "name": "Response", 
      "type": "http", 
      "direction": "out" 
    }
  ], 
  "disabled": false 
}

The run.ps1 file has the PowerShell code which reads the incoming document and outputs changes.

using namespace System.Net

param($Request, $ToDoItem, $TriggerMetadata)

Write-Host 'PowerShell HTTP trigger function processed a request'

if (-not $ToDoItem) { 
    Write-Host 'ToDo item not found'

    Push-OutputBinding -Name Response -Value ([HttpResponseContext]@{ 
        StatusCode = [HttpStatusCode]::NotFound 
        Body = $ToDoItem.Description 
    })

} else { 
    Write-Host "Found ToDo item, Description=$($ToDoItem.Description)"

    Push-OutputBinding -Name Response -Value ([HttpResponseContext]@{ 
        StatusCode = [HttpStatusCode]::OK 
        Body = $ToDoItem.Description 
    }) 
}

Queue trigger, get multiple docs, using SqlQuery

The following example demonstrates how to read multiple Azure Cosmos DB documents. The function's configuration file (function.json) defines the binding properties, which includes the sqlQuery. The SQL statement provided to the sqlQuery property selects the set of documents provided to the function.

{ 
  "name": "Documents", 
  "type": "cosmosDB", 
  "direction": "in", 
  "databaseName": "MyDb", 
  "collectionName": "MyCollection", 
  "sqlQuery": "SELECT * from c where c.departmentId = {departmentId}", 
  "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection" 
}

The run1.ps1 file has the PowerShell code which reads the incoming documents.

param($QueueItem, $Documents, $TriggerMetadata)

foreach ($Document in $Documents) { 
    # operate on each document 
}

This section contains the following examples that read a single document by specifying an ID value from various sources:

Queue trigger, look up ID from JSON

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB input binding in a function.json file and a Python function that uses the binding. The function reads a single document and updates the document's text value.

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "documents",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "id" : "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "in"
},
{
    "name": "$return",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "databaseName": "MyDatabase",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "createIfNotExists": false,
    "partitionKey": "{queueTrigger_payload_property}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "MyAccount_COSMOSDB",
    "direction": "out"
}

The configuration section explains these properties.

Here's the Python code:

import azure.functions as func

def main(queuemsg: func.QueueMessage, documents: func.DocumentList) -> func.Document:
    if documents:
        document = documents[0]
        document['text'] = 'This was updated!'
        return document

HTTP trigger, look up ID from query string

The following example shows a Python function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses a query string to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

Here's the function.json file:

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "anonymous",
      "name": "req",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "methods": [
        "get",
        "post"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "$return",
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out"
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "name": "todoitems",
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems",
      "collectionName": "Items",
      "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection",
      "direction": "in",
      "Id": "{Query.id}",
      "PartitionKey": "{Query.partitionKeyValue}"
    }
  ],
  "scriptFile": "__init__.py"
}

Here's the Python code:

import logging
import azure.functions as func

def main(req: func.HttpRequest, todoitems: func.DocumentList) -> str:
    if not todoitems:
        logging.warning("ToDo item not found")
    else:
        logging.info("Found ToDo item, Description=%s",
                     todoitems[0]['description'])

    return 'OK'

HTTP trigger, look up ID from route data

The following example shows a Python function that retrieves a single document. The function is triggered by an HTTP request that uses route data to specify the ID and partition key value to look up. That ID and partition key value are used to retrieve a ToDoItem document from the specified database and collection.

Here's the function.json file:

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "anonymous",
      "name": "req",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "methods": [
        "get",
        "post"
      ],
      "route":"todoitems/{partitionKeyValue}/{id}"
    },
    {
      "name": "$return",
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out"
    },
    {
      "type": "cosmosDB",
      "name": "todoitems",
      "databaseName": "ToDoItems",
      "collectionName": "Items",
      "connection": "CosmosDBConnection",
      "direction": "in",
      "Id": "{id}",
      "PartitionKey": "{partitionKeyValue}"
    }
  ],
  "disabled": false,
  "scriptFile": "__init__.py"
}

Here's the Python code:

import logging
import azure.functions as func

def main(req: func.HttpRequest, todoitems: func.DocumentList) -> str:
    if not todoitems:
        logging.warning("ToDo item not found")
    else:
        logging.info("Found ToDo item, Description=%s",
                     todoitems[0]['description'])
    return 'OK'

Queue trigger, get multiple docs, using SqlQuery

The following example shows an Azure Cosmos DB input binding in a function.json file and a Python function that uses the binding. The function retrieves multiple documents specified by a SQL query, using a queue trigger to customize the query parameters.

The queue trigger provides a parameter departmentId. A queue message of { "departmentId" : "Finance" } would return all records for the finance department.

Here's the binding data in the function.json file:

{
    "name": "documents",
    "type": "cosmosDB",
    "direction": "in",
    "databaseName": "MyDb",
    "collectionName": "MyCollection",
    "sqlQuery": "SELECT * from c where c.departmentId = {departmentId}",
    "connectionStringSetting": "CosmosDBConnection"
}

Attributes

Both in-process and isolated worker process C# libraries use attributes to define the function. C# script instead uses a function.json configuration file.

Attribute property Description
ConnectionStringSetting The name of an app setting or setting collection that specifies how to connect to the Azure Cosmos DB account being monitored. For more information, see Connections.
DatabaseName The name of the Azure Cosmos DB database with the collection being monitored.
CollectionName The name of the collection being monitored.
PartitionKey Specifies the partition key value for the lookup. May include binding parameters. It is required for lookups in partitioned collections.
Id The ID of the document to retrieve. This property supports binding expressions. Don't set both the Id and SqlQuery properties. If you don't set either one, the entire collection is retrieved.
SqlQuery An Azure Cosmos DB SQL query used for retrieving multiple documents. The property supports runtime bindings, as in this example: SELECT * FROM c where c.departmentId = {departmentId}. Don't set both the Id and SqlQuery properties. If you don't set either one, the entire collection is retrieved.
PreferredLocations (Optional) Defines preferred locations (regions) for geo-replicated database accounts in the Azure Cosmos DB service. Values should be comma-separated. For example, "East US,South Central US,North Europe".

Annotations

From the Java functions runtime library, use the @CosmosDBInput annotation on parameters that read from Azure Cosmos DB. The annotation supports the following properties:

Configuration

The following table explains the binding configuration properties that you set in the function.json file, where properties differ by extension version:

function.json property Description
type Must be set to cosmosDBTrigger.
direction Must be set to in.
name The variable name used in function code that represents the list of documents with changes.
connectionStringSetting The name of an app setting or setting collection that specifies how to connect to the Azure Cosmos DB account being monitored. For more information, see Connections.
databaseName The name of the Azure Cosmos DB database with the collection being monitored.
collectionName The name of the collection being monitored.
partitionKey Specifies the partition key value for the lookup. May include binding parameters. It is required for lookups in partitioned collections.
id The ID of the document to retrieve. This property supports binding expressions. Don't set both the id and sqlQuery properties. If you don't set either one, the entire collection is retrieved.
sqlQuery An Azure Cosmos DB SQL query used for retrieving multiple documents. The property supports runtime bindings, as in this example: SELECT * FROM c where c.departmentId = {departmentId}. Don't set both the id and sqlQuery properties. If you don't set either one, the entire collection is retrieved.
preferredLocations (Optional) Defines preferred locations (regions) for geo-replicated database accounts in the Azure Cosmos DB service. Values should be comma-separated. For example, East US,South Central US,North Europe.

See the Example section for complete examples.

Usage

The parameter type supported by the Event Grid trigger depends on the Functions runtime version, the extension package version, and the C# modality used.

When the function exits successfully, any changes made to the input document are automatically persisted.

From the Java functions runtime library, the @CosmosDBInput annotation exposes Azure Cosmos DB data to the function. This annotation can be used with native Java types, POJOs, or nullable values using Optional<T>.

Updates are not made automatically upon function exit. Instead, use context.bindings.<documentName>In and context.bindings.<documentName>Out to make updates. See the JavaScript example for more detail.

Updates to documents are not made automatically upon function exit. To update documents in a function use an output binding. See the PowerShell example for more detail.

Data is made available to the function via a DocumentList parameter. Changes made to the document are not automatically persisted.

Connections

The connectionStringSetting/connection and leaseConnectionStringSetting/leaseConnection properties are references to environment configuration which specifies how the app should connect to Azure Cosmos DB. They may specify:

If the configured value is both an exact match for a single setting and a prefix match for other settings, the exact match is used.

Connection string

The connection string for your database account should be stored in an application setting with a name matching the value specified by the connection property of the binding configuration.

Identity-based connections

If you are using version 4.x or higher of the extension, instead of using a connection string with a secret, you can have the app use an Azure Active Directory identity. To do this, you would define settings under a common prefix which maps to the connection property in the trigger and binding configuration.

In this mode, the extension requires the following properties:

Property Environment variable template Description Example value
Account Endpoint <CONNECTION_NAME_PREFIX>__accountEndpoint The Azure Cosmos DB account endpoint URI. https://<database_account_name>.documents.azure.com:443/

Additional properties may be set to customize the connection. See Common properties for identity-based connections.

When hosted in the Azure Functions service, identity-based connections use a managed identity. The system-assigned identity is used by default, although a user-assigned identity can be specified with the credential and clientID properties. Note that configuring a user-assigned identity with a resource ID is not supported. When run in other contexts, such as local development, your developer identity is used instead, although this can be customized. See Local development with identity-based connections.

Grant permission to the identity

Whatever identity is being used must have permissions to perform the intended actions. For most Azure services, this means you need to assign a role in Azure RBAC, using either built-in or custom roles which provide those permissions.

Important

Some permissions might be exposed by the target service that are not necessary for all contexts. Where possible, adhere to the principle of least privilege, granting the identity only required privileges. For example, if the app only needs to be able to read from a data source, use a role that only has permission to read. It would be inappropriate to assign a role that also allows writing to that service, as this would be excessive permission for a read operation. Similarly, you would want to ensure the role assignment is scoped only over the resources that need to be read.

Cosmos DB does not use Azure RBAC for data operations. Instead, it uses a Cosmos DB built-in RBAC system which is built on similar concepts. You will need to create a role assignment that provides access to your database account at runtime. Azure RBAC Management roles like Owner are not sufficient. The following table shows built-in roles that are recommended when using the Azure Cosmos DB extension in normal operation. Your application may require additional permissions based on the code you write.

Binding type Example built-in roles1
Trigger2 Cosmos DB Built-in Data Contributor
Input binding Cosmos DB Built-in Data Reader
Output binding Cosmos DB Built-in Data Contributor

1 These roles cannot be used in an Azure RBAC role assignment. See the Cosmos DB built-in RBAC system documentation for details on how to assign these roles.

2 When using identity, Cosmos DB treats container creation as a management operation. It is not available as a data-plane operation for the trigger. You will need to ensure that you create the containers needed by the trigger (including the lease container) before setting up your function.

Next steps