PowerShell script - copy multiple tables in bulk by using Azure Data Factory

Article
01/05/2024

This sample PowerShell script copies data from multiple tables in Azure SQL Database to Azure Synapse Analytics.

Note

We recommend that you use the Azure Az PowerShell module to interact with Azure. To get started, see Install Azure PowerShell. To learn how to migrate to the Az PowerShell module, see Migrate Azure PowerShell from AzureRM to Az.

This sample requires Azure PowerShell. Run Get-Module -ListAvailable Az to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see Install Azure PowerShell module.

Run the Connect-AzAccount cmdlet to connect to Azure.

See tutorial: bulk copy for the prerequisites for running this sample.

Sample script

Important

This script creates JSON files that define Data Factory entities (linked service, dataset, and pipeline) on your hard drive in the c:\ folder.

# Set variables with your own values
$resourceGroupName = "<resource group name>"
$dataFactoryName = "<data factory name>" # Name of the data factory must be globally unique
$dataFactoryNameLocation = "East US"

$azureSqlServer = "<azure sql server name>"
$azureSqlServerUser = "<azure sql server user>"
$azureSqlServerUserPassword = "<azure sql server password>"
$azureSqlDatabase = "<source azure sql database name>"
$azureSqlDataWarehouse = "<sink azure sql data warehouse name>"

$azureStorageAccount = "<Az.Storage accoutn name>"
$azureStorageAccountKey = "<Az.Storage account key>"

# No need to change values for these variables
$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService = "AzureSqlDatabaseLinkedService"
$azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService = "AzureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService"
$azureStorageLinkedService = "AzureStorageLinkedService"
$azureSqlDatabaseDataset = "AzureSqlDatabaseDataset"
$azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset = "AzureSqlDataWarehouseDataset"
$IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline = "IterateAndCopySQLTables"
$pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData = "GetTableListAndTriggerCopyData"


# create a resource gorup
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $dataFactoryNameLocation

# create a data factory
$df = Set-AzDataFactory -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Location $dataFactoryNameLocation -Name $dataFactoryName

# create a linked service for Azure SQL Database (source)
$azureSQLDatabaseLinkedServiceDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlDatabase",
        "typeProperties": {
            "connectionString": {
                "type": "SecureString",
                "value": "Server=tcp:$azureSqlServer.database.windows.net,1433;Database=$azureSqlDatabase;User ID=$azureSqlServerUser;Password=$azureSqlServerUserPassword;Trusted_Connection=False;Encrypt=True;Connection Timeout=30"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService command. 
$azureSQLDatabaseLinkedServiceDefinition | Out-File c:\$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService.json

## Creates an Az.Storage linked service
Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService -File c:\$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService.json


# create a linked service for Azure SQL Datawarehouse (sink)
$azureSQLDataWarehouseLinkedServiceDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlDW",
        "typeProperties": {
            "connectionString": {
                "type": "SecureString",
                "value": "Server=tcp:$azureSqlServer.database.windows.net,1433;Database=$azureSqlDataWarehouse;User ID=$azureSqlServerUser;Password=$azureSqlServerUserPassword;Trusted_Connection=False;Encrypt=True;Connection Timeout=30"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService command. 
$azureSQLDataWarehouseLinkedServiceDefinition | Out-File c:\$azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService.json

## Creates an linked service for Az.Storage Account. Interim storage to enable PolyBase
Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService -File c:\$azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService.json

$storageLinkedServiceDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$azureStorageLinkedService",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureStorage",
        "typeProperties": {
            "connectionString": {
                "value": "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=$azureStorageAccount;AccountKey=$azureStorageAccountKey",
                "type": "SecureString"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService command. 
$storageLinkedServiceDefinition | Out-File c:\$azureStorageLinkedService.json

## Creates an Az.Storage linked service
Set-AzDataFactoryLinkedService -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $azureStorageLinkedService -File c:\$azureStorageLinkedService.json


# create the input dataset (Azure SQL Database)
$azureSqlDatabaseDatasetDefiniton = @"
{
    "name": "$azureSqlDatabaseDataset",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlTable",
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        },
        "typeProperties": {
            "tableName": "dummy"
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryDataset command. 
$azureSqlDatabaseDatasetDefiniton | Out-File c:\$azureSqlDatabaseDataset.json

## Create a dataset in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryDataset -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $azureSqlDatabaseDataset -File "c:\$azureSqlDatabaseDataset.json"


# create the output dataset (Azure SQL Data Warehouse)
$azureSqlDataWarehouseDatasetDefiniton = @"
{
    "name": "$azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlDWTable",
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "$azureSqlDataWarehouseLinkedService",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        },
        "typeProperties": {
            "tableName": {
                "value": "@{dataset().DWTableName}",
                "type": "Expression"
            }
        },
        "parameters":{
            "DWTableName":{
                "type":"String"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryDataset command. 
$azureSqlDataWarehouseDatasetDefiniton | Out-File c:\$azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset.json

## Create a dataset in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryDataset -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset -File "c:\$azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset.json"

# Create a pipeline in the data factory that copies data from source SQL Database to sink SQL Data Warehouse
$pipelineDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline",
    "properties": {
        "activities": [
            {
                "name": "IterateSQLTables",
                "type": "ForEach",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "isSequential": "false",
                    "items": {
                        "value": "@pipeline().parameters.tableList",
                        "type": "Expression"
                    },
                    "activities": [
                        {
                            "name": "CopyData",
                            "description": "Copy data from SQL database to SQL DW",
                            "type": "Copy",
                            "inputs": [
                                {
                                    "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseDataset",
                                    "type": "DatasetReference"
                                }
                            ],
                            "outputs": [
                                {
                                    "referenceName": "$azureSqlDataWarehouseDataset",
                                    "type": "DatasetReference",
                                    "parameters": {
                                        "DWTableName": "[@{item().TABLE_SCHEMA}].[@{item().TABLE_NAME}]"
                                    }
                                }
                            ],
                            "typeProperties": {
                                "source": {
                                    "type": "SqlSource",
                                    "sqlReaderQuery": "SELECT * FROM [@{item().TABLE_SCHEMA}].[@{item().TABLE_NAME}]"
                                },
                                "sink": {
                                    "type": "SqlDWSink",
                                    "preCopyScript": "TRUNCATE TABLE [@{item().TABLE_SCHEMA}].[@{item().TABLE_NAME}]",
                                    "allowPolyBase": true
                                },
                                "enableStaging": true,
                                "stagingSettings": {
                                    "linkedServiceName": {
                                        "referenceName": "$azureStorageLinkedService",
                                        "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        "parameters": {
            "tableList": {
                "type": "Object"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryPipeline command. 
$pipelineDefinition | Out-File c:\$IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline.json

## Create a pipeline in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryPipeline -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline -File "c:\$IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline.json"


# Create a pipeline in the data factory that retrieves a list of tables and invokes the above pipeline for each table to be copied
$pipeline2Definition = @"
{
    "name":"$pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData",
    "properties":{
        "activities":[
            { 
                "name": "LookupTableList",
                "description": "Retrieve the table list from Azure SQL dataabse",
                "type": "Lookup",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "source": {
                        "type": "SqlSource",
                        "sqlReaderQuery": "SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' and TABLE_SCHEMA = 'SalesLT' and TABLE_NAME <> 'ProductModel'"
                    },
                    "dataset": {
                        "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseDataset",
                        "type": "DatasetReference"
                    },
                    "firstRowOnly": false
                }
            },
            {
                "name": "TriggerCopy",
                "type": "ExecutePipeline",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "parameters": {
                        "tableList": {
                            "value": "@activity('LookupTableList').output.value",
                            "type": "Expression"
                        }
                    },
                    "pipeline": {
                        "referenceName": "$IterateAndCopySQLTablesPipeline",
                        "type": "PipelineReference"
                    },
                    "waitOnCompletion": true
                },
                "dependsOn": [
                    {
                        "activity": "LookupTableList",
                        "dependencyConditions": [
                            "Succeeded"
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryPipeline command. 
$pipeline2Definition | Out-File c:\$pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData.json

## Create a pipeline in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryPipeline -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name $pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData -File "c:\$pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData.json"



# Create a pipeline run 

## JSON definition for dummy pipeline parameters
$pipelineParameters = @"
{
    "dummy":  "b"
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Invoke-AzDataFactoryPipeline command. 
$pipelineParameters | Out-File c:\PipelineParameters.json

# Create a pipeline run by using parameters
$runId = Invoke-AzDataFactoryPipeline -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -PipelineName $pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData -ParameterFile c:\PipelineParameters.json

# Check the pipeline run status until it finishes the copy operation
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
while ($True) {
    $result = Get-AzDataFactoryActivityRun -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -PipelineRunId $runId -RunStartedAfter (Get-Date).AddMinutes(-30) -RunStartedBefore (Get-Date).AddMinutes(30)

    if (($result | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "InProgress" } | Measure-Object).count -ne 0) {
        Write-Host "Pipeline run status: In Progress" -foregroundcolor "Yellow"
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
    }
    else {
        Write-Host "Pipeline '$pipelineGetTableListAndTriggerCopyData' run finished. Result:" -foregroundcolor "Yellow"
        $result
        break
    }
}

# Get the activity run details 
    $result = Get-AzDataFactoryActivityRun -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
        -PipelineRunId $runId `
        -RunStartedAfter (Get-Date).AddMinutes(-10) `
        -RunStartedBefore (Get-Date).AddMinutes(10) `
        -ErrorAction Stop

    $result

    if ($result.Status -eq "Succeeded") {`
        $result.Output -join "`r`n"`
    }`
    else {`
        $result.Error -join "`r`n"`
    }

# To remove the data factory from the resource gorup
# Remove-AzDataFactory -Name $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
# 
# To remove the whole resource group
# Remove-AzResourceGroup  -Name $resourceGroupName

Clean up deployment

After you run the sample script, you can use the following command to remove the resource group and all resources associated with it:

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

To remove the data factory from the resource group, run the following command:

Remove-AzDataFactoryV2 -Name $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

Script explanation

This script uses the following commands:

Command	Notes
New-AzResourceGroup	Creates a resource group in which all resources are stored.
Set-AzDataFactoryV2	Create a data factory.
Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService	Creates a linked service in the data factory. A linked service links a data store or compute to a data factory.
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset	Creates a dataset in the data factory. A dataset represents input/output for an activity in a pipeline.
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline	Creates a pipeline in the data factory. A pipeline contains one or more activities that performs a certain operation. In this pipeline, a copy activity copies data from one location to another location in an Azure Blob Storage.
Invoke-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline	Creates a run for the pipeline. In other words, runs the pipeline.
Get-AzDataFactoryV2ActivityRun	Gets details about the run of the activity (activity run) in the pipeline.
Remove-AzResourceGroup	Deletes a resource group including all nested resources.

For more information on the Azure PowerShell, see Azure PowerShell documentation.

Additional Azure Data Factory PowerShell script samples can be found in the Azure Data Factory PowerShell scripts.

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PowerShell script - copy multiple tables in bulk by using Azure Data Factory

Sample script

Clean up deployment

Script explanation

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PowerShell script - copy multiple tables in bulk by using Azure Data Factory

Sample script

Clean up deployment

Script explanation

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