Azure Lab Services - Administrator guide
Important
Azure Lab Services will be retired on June 28, 2027. For more information, see the retirement guide.
Information technology (IT) administrators who manage a university's cloud resources are ordinarily responsible for setting up the lab plan for their school. After they set up a lab plan, administrators or educators create labs that are associated with the lab plan. This article provides a high-level overview of the Azure resources that are involved and guidance to create them.
Note
This article references features available in lab plans, which replaced lab accounts.
Depending on the settings for a lab plan, some resources are either hosted in your subscription or in a subscription managed by Azure Lab Services.
- Lab VMs are hosted in an Azure subscription that Azure Lab Services owns.
- Lab plans, labs, compute galleries, and image versions and are hosted within your subscription.
- The virtual network and network-related resources for lab VMs are hosted within your subscription, if you use advanced networking. Otherwise, the virtual network is hosted in a subscription managed by Azure Lab Services.
- You can have your lab plans, labs, and the compute galleries in the same resource group or different resource groups.
Note
If you're still using lab accounts, see Administrator guide when using lab accounts.
For more information, see Labs architecture fundamentals.
Subscription
Your university might have one or more Azure subscriptions. You use subscriptions to manage billing and security for Azure resources and services that are used in it, including lab plans and labs.
The relationship between a lab plan and its subscription is important because:
- Billing is reported through the subscription that contains the lab plan.
- You can grant users in the subscription's Microsoft Entra tenant the ability to manage Azure Lab Services lab plans and labs. You can add someone as a lab plan owner, lab plan contributor, lab creator, or lab owner. For more information about built-in RBAC roles, see Manage identity.
Labs Services virtual machines (VMs) are managed and hosted for you in a subscription that Azure Lab Services owns.
Resource group
A subscription contains one or more resource groups. Resource groups create logical groupings of Azure resources that are used together in the same solution.
Before you create a lab plan, configure the resource group that contains the lab plan. Name your resource groups carefully. Labs are grouped by resource group name in the Lab Services web portal: https://labs.azure.com.
You also need a resource group when you create an Azure Compute Gallery. You can place your lab plan and compute gallery in the same resource group or in separate resource groups. If you plan to share the compute gallery across various solutions, you might choose the second approach.
We recommend that you invest time up front to plan the structure of your resource groups. It's not possible to change a lab plan or compute gallery resource group after you create it. If you need to change the resource group for these resources, you need to delete and re-create them.
Lab plan
A lab plan is set of configurations that influence the creation of a lab. A lab plan can be associated with zero or more labs. When you get started with Azure Lab Services, you might have a single lab plan. As your lab usage scales up, you can choose to create more lab plans.
The following list highlights scenarios where you might want more than one lab plan.
Manage different policy requirements across labs
When you create a lab plan, you set policies that apply to all labs created in it, such as:
- The Azure virtual network with shared resources that the lab can access. For example, you might have a set of labs that need access to a license server within a virtual network.
- The virtual machine images that the labs can use to create VMs. For example, you might have a set of labs that need access to the Data Science VM for Linux Azure Marketplace image.
If each of your labs has unique policy requirements, you might need to create separate lab plans for to manage each lab separately.
Isolate pilot labs from active or production labs
You might want to pilot policy changes for a lab plan without affecting your active labs. Creating a separate lab plan for piloting purposes allows you to isolate changes.
Lab
A lab contains VMs that are each assigned to a single student. In general, you can expect to:
- Have one lab for each class.
- Create a new set of labs for each semester, quarter, or other academic system that you use. For classes that need to use the same image, you should use a compute gallery. This way, you can reuse images across labs and academic periods.
When you determine how to structure your labs, consider the following points:
All VMs within a lab are deployed with the same image that's published
As a result, if you have a class that requires different lab images to be published at the same time, you must create a separate lab for each image.
The usage quota is set at the lab level and applies to all users within the lab
To set different quotas for users, you must create separate labs. However, it's possible to add more hours to specific users after you set the quota.
The startup or shutdown schedule is set at the lab level and applies to all VMs within the lab
Similar to quota setting, if you need to set different schedules for users, you need to create a separate lab for each schedule.
By default, each lab has its own virtual network. If you use advanced networking, each lab uses the specified network.
Azure Compute Gallery
An Azure Compute Gallery is attached to a lab plan. It serves as a central repository for stored images. An image is saved in the gallery when an educator exports it from a lab's template VM. Each time an educator changes a template VM and exports it, new image definitions or versions are created in the gallery.
Educators can publish an image version from the compute gallery when they create a new lab. Although the gallery stores multiple versions of an image, educators can select only the most recent version when they create a lab. The most recent version is chosen based on the highest value of MajorVersion, then MinorVersion, then Patch. For more information about versions, see Image versions.
The compute gallery is an optional resource. If you start with only a few labs, you might not need it immediately. A compute gallery offers many benefits that are helpful as you scale up to more labs:
You can save and manage versions of a template VM image
It's useful to create a custom image or make changes, such as configuration and software, to an image from the Azure Marketplace gallery. For example, to require different software or tools to be installed. Rather than requiring students to manually install these prerequisites on their own, you can export different versions of the template VM image to the compute gallery. You can use these image versions when you create new labs.
You can share and reuse template VM images across labs
You can save and reuse an image so that you don't have to configure it from scratch each time that you create a new lab. For example, if multiple classes need to use the same image, create it and export it to the compute gallery so that it can be shared across labs.
You can upload your own custom images from other environments outside of labs
You can upload custom images other environments outside of the context of labs. For example, you can upload images from your own physical lab environment or from an Azure VM into compute gallery. Once you import an image into the gallery, you can then use the images to create labs.
To logically group compute gallery images, you can use either of the following methods:
- Create multiple compute galleries. Each lab plan can connect to only one compute gallery, so this option also requires you to create multiple lab plans.
- Use a single compute gallery that multiple lab plans share. In this case, each lab plan can enable only images that are applicable to the labs in that plan.
Naming
As you get started with Azure Lab Services, we recommend that you establish naming conventions for Azure and Azure Lab Services resources. For resource naming restrictions, see Microsoft.LabServices naming rules and restrictions. Although the naming conventions that you establish are unique to the needs of your organization, the following table provides guidelines:
| Resource type | Role | Suggested pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resource group | Contains one or more lab plans, labs, or compute galleries. | rg-labs-{org-name}-{env}-{instance}, rg-labs-{dept-name}-{env}-{instance} | rg-labs-contoso-pilot, rg-labs--math-prod-001 |
| Lab plan | Template for newly created labs. | lp-{org-name}-{env}-{instance}, lp-{dept-name}-{env}-{instance} | lp-contoso, lp-contoso-pilot, lp-math-001 |
| Lab | Contains student VMs. | {class-name}-{time}-{educator} | CS101-Fall2021, CS101-Fall2021-JohnDoe |
| Azure Compute Gallery | Contains VM image versions. | sig_{org-name}_{env}_{instance}, sig_{dept-name}_{env}_{instance} | sig_contoso_001, sig_math_prod_001 |
In the proceeding table, the suggested name patterns use some terms and tokens:
| Pattern term/token | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| {org-name} | Token for organization short name with no spaces. | contoso |
| {dept-name} | Token for short name of department in organization. | math, bio, cs |
| {env} | Token for environment name. | prod for production, pilot for small test |
| {instance} | Number to identify instance if multiple resources created. | 001, 123 |
| {class-name} | Token for short name or code for class being supported. | CS101, BIO101 |
| {educator} | Alias of educator running the lab. | johndoe |
| {time} | Token for short name (with no spaces) for time the class is being offered. | Spring2021, Dec2021 |
| rg | Indicates resource is a resource group. | |
| lp | Indicates resource is a lab plan. | |
| sig | Indicates resource is a compute gallery. |
For more information about naming other Azure resources, see Naming conventions for Azure resources.
Regions
When you set up your Azure Lab Services resources, you must provide a region or location of the data center that hosts the resources. Lab plans can enable one or more regions in which to create labs.
Resource group. The region specifies the datacenter where information about a resource group is stored. Azure resources can be in a different region than the resource group they're in.
Lab plan. A lab plan's location indicates the region that a resource exists in. When a lab plan is connected to your own virtual network, the network must be in the same region as the lab plan. Also, labs are created in the same Azure region as that virtual network.
Lab. The location that a lab exists in varies. It doesn't need to be in the same location as the lab plan. Administrators control which regions labs can be created in through the lab plan settings.
As a general rule, set a resource's region to one that is closest to its users. For labs, this means creating the lab that is closest to your students. For courses whose students are located all over the world, try to create a lab that is centrally located or split the class into multiple labs according by regions.
Note
To help ensure that a region has sufficient VM capacity, first request capacity.
VM sizing
When administrators or lab creators create a lab, they can choose from various VM sizes, depending on the needs of their classroom. The availability of specific VM sizes depends on the region where your lab plan is located. Learn how you can request more capacity.
For information on VM sizes and their cost, see the Azure Lab Services Pricing.
Default VM sizes
| Size | Minimum vCPUs | Minimum memory: GiB | Series | Suggested use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small | 2 | 4 | Standard_F2s_v2 | Best suited for command line, opening web browser, low-traffic web servers, small to medium databases. |
| Medium | 4 | 8 | Standard_F4s_v2 | Best suited for relational databases, in-memory caching, and analytics. |
| Medium (nested virtualization) | 4 | 16 | Standard_D4s_v4 | Best suited for relational databases, in-memory caching, and analytics. This size supports nested virtualization. |
| Large | 8 | 16 | Standard_F8s_v2 | Best suited for applications that need faster CPUs, better local disk performance, large databases, large memory caches. |
| Large (nested virtualization) | 8 | 32 | Standard_D8s_v4 | Best suited for applications that need faster CPUs, better local disk performance, large databases, large memory caches. This size supports nested virtualization. |
| Small GPU (Compute) | 8 | 56 | Standard_NC8as_T4_v3 | Best suited for computer-intensive applications such as AI and deep learning. |
| Small GPU (visualization) | 8 | 28 | Standard_NVas_v4 | (Windows only) Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
| Medium GPU (visualization) | 12 | 112 | Standard_NV12s_v3 | (Windows only) Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
Alternative VM sizes
To better serve you in locations where there's high demand, you can select from a list of alternative VM sizes.
| Size | Minimum vCPUs | Minimum memory: GiB | Series | Suggested use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative Small GPU (Compute) | 6 | 112 | Standard_NC6s_v3 | Best suited for computer-intensive applications such as AI and deep learning. |
| Alternative Small GPU (Visualization) | 6 | 55 | Standard_NV6ads_A10_v5 | (Windows only) Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
| Alternative Medium GPU (Visualization) | 12 | 110 | Standard_NV12ads_A10_v5 | (Windows only) Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
Classic VM sizes
If you create a lab plan and still have lab accounts in your Azure subscription, you can select from the VM sizes available for lab accounts. In the Azure Lab Services user interface, these VM sizes are marked as classic VM sizes.
| Size | Minimum vCPUs | Minimum memory: GiB | Series | Suggested use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classic Small | 2 | 4 | Standard_A2_v2 | Best suited for command line, opening web browser, low-traffic web servers, small to medium databases. |
| Classic Medium | 4 | 8 | Standard_A4_v2 | Best suited for relational databases, in-memory caching, and analytics. |
| Classic Large | 8 | 16 | Standard_A8_v2 | Best suited for applications that need faster CPUs, better local disk performance, large databases, large memory caches. |
| Classic Medium (Nested virtualization) | 4 | 16 | Standard_D4s_v3 | Best suited for relational databases, in-memory caching, and analytics. This size supports nested virtualization. |
| Classic Large (Nested virtualization) | 8 | 32 | Standard_D8s_v3 | Best suited for applications that need faster CPUs, better local disk performance, large databases, large memory caches. This size supports nested virtualization. |
| Classic Small GPU (Compute) | 6 | 56 | Standard_NC6 | Best suited for computer-intensive applications such as AI and deep learning. |
| Classic Small GPU (Visualization) | 6 | 56 | Standard_NV6 | Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
| Classic Medium GPU (Visualization) | 12 | 112 | Standard_NV12s_v3 | Best suited for remote visualization, streaming, gaming, and encoding using frameworks such as OpenGL and DirectX. |
RBAC roles
Azure Lab Services provides built-in Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) for common management scenarios. An individual who has a profile in Microsoft Entra ID can assign these Azure roles to users, groups, service principals, or managed identities. The roles can grant or deny access to resources and operations on Azure Lab Services resources. Learn more about Azure role-based access control in Azure Lab Services.
Content filtering
Your school might need to do content filtering to prevent students from accessing inappropriate websites. For example, you might need to comply with the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). Azure Lab Services doesn't offer built-in support for content filtering, and doesn't support network-level filtering.
Schools typically approach content filtering by installing non-Microsoft software that performs content filtering on each computer. To install content filtering software on each computer, you should install the software on each lab's template VM.
There are a few key points to highlight as part of this solution:
- If you plan to use the autoshutdown settings, you need to unblock several Azure host names with the non-Microsoft software. The autoshutdown settings use a diagnostic extension that must be able to communicate back to Lab Services. Otherwise, the autoshutdown settings fail to enable for the lab.
- You might also want to have each student use an account that lacks administrator privileges on their VM so that they can't uninstall the content filtering software. Adding such an account must be done when creating the lab.
For more information, see supported networking scenarios in Azure Lab Services.
If your school needs to do content filtering, contact us by using the Azure Lab Services' Q&A for more information.
Endpoint management
Many endpoint management tools, such as Microsoft Configuration Manager, require Windows VMs to have unique machine security identifiers (SIDs). Using SysPrep to create a generalized image typically ensures that each Windows machine has a new, unique machine SID generated when the VM boots from the image.
With Lab Services, if you create a lab with a template, the lab VMs have the same SID. Even if you use a generalized image to create a lab, the template VM and lab user VMs all have the same machine SID. The VMs have the same SID because the template VM's image is in a specialized state when you publish it to create the student VMs.
To obtain lab VMs with unique SID, create a lab without a template VM. You must use a generalized image from the Azure Marketplace or an attached Azure Compute Gallery. To use your own Azure Compute Gallery, see Attach or detach a compute gallery in Azure Lab Services. The machine SIDs can be verified by using a tool such as PsGetSid.
If you plan to use an endpoint management tool or similar software, we recommend that you don't use template VMs for your labs.
Microsoft Entra register/join, Microsoft Entra hybrid join, or AD domain join
To make labs easy to set up and manage, Azure Lab Services is designed with no requirement to register/join lab VMs to either Active Directory (AD) or Microsoft Entra ID. As a result, Azure Lab Services doesn’t currently offer built-in support to register/join lab VMs. It's possible to Microsoft Entra register/join, Microsoft Entra hybrid join, or AD domain join lab VMs using other mechanisms. Due to product limitations, we do not recommend that you attempt to register/join lab VMs to either Active Directory or Microsoft Entra ID.
Pricing
Take these facts about pricing into consideration.
Azure Lab Services
To learn about pricing, see Azure Lab Services pricing.
Billing entries in Microsoft Cost Management are per lab VM. Tags for lab plan ID and lab name are automatically added to each entry for more flexible analysis and budgeting.
Azure Compute gallery
If you plan to use compute galleries to store and manage image versions, consider the pricing for the compute gallery service.
Creating a compute gallery and attaching it to your lab plan is free. No cost is incurred until you save an image version to the gallery. The pricing for using a compute gallery is usually negligible. Because the price isn't included in the pricing for Azure Lab Services, it's important to understand how the gallery calculates it.
Storage charges
To store image versions, a compute gallery uses standard hard disk drive (HDD) managed disks by default. We recommend using HDD-managed disks when you use compute gallery with Lab Services. The size of the HDD-managed disk that is used depends on the size of the image version that is being stored. Lab Services supports image and disk sizes up to 128 GB. To learn about pricing, see Managed disks pricing.
Azure Lab Services doesn't support attaching extra disks to a lab template or lab VM.
Replication and network egress charges
When you save an image version by using a lab template VM, Azure Lab Services first stores it in a source region. However, you might need to replicate the source image version to target regions.
A network egress charge occurs when an image version is replicated from the source region to a target region. The amount charged is based on the size of the image version when the image is transferred from the source region. For pricing details, see Bandwidth pricing details.
Egress charges might be waived for Education Solutions customers. To learn more, contact your account manager.
For more information, see "What data transfer programs exist for academic customers and how do I qualify?" in the FAQ section of the Programs for educational institutions page.
For information about costs to store images and their replications, see billing in an Azure Compute Gallery.
Cost management
It's important for lab plan administrators to manage costs by routinely deleting unneeded image versions from the gallery.
Be wary of removing replication to specific regions as a way to reduce the costs. Replication changes might have adverse effects on the ability of Azure Lab Services to publish VMs from images saved in a compute gallery.
Related content
For more information about setting up and managing labs, see: