Access Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps API with user context

Article
01/22/2024

This page describes how to create an application to get programmatic access to Defender for Cloud Apps on behalf of a user.

If you need programmatic access Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps without a user, refer to Access Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps with application context.

If you aren't sure which access you need, read the Introduction page.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps exposes much of its data and actions through a set of programmatic APIs. Those APIs will enable you to automate work flows and innovate based on Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps capabilities. The API access requires OAuth2.0 authentication. For more information, see OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow.

In general, you’ll need to take the following steps to use the APIs:

Create a Microsoft Entra application
Get an access token using this application
Use the token to access Defender for Cloud Apps API

This page explains how to create a Microsoft Entra application, get an access token to Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps and validate the token.

Note

When accessing Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps API on behalf of a user, you will need the correct Application permission and user permission. If you are not familiar with user permissions on Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps, see Manage admin access.

Tip

If you have the permission to perform an action in the portal, you have the permission to perform the action in the API.

Create an app

Sign in to Azure with a user account that has the Global Administrator role.
Navigate to Microsoft Entra ID > App registrations > New registration.

When the Register an application page appears, enter your application's registration information:

Name - Enter a meaningful application name that will be displayed to users of the app.

Supported account types - Select which accounts you would like your application to support.

Supported account types	Description
Accounts in this organizational directory only	Select this option if you're building a line-of-business (LOB) application. This option isn't available if you're not registering the application in a directory. This option maps to Microsoft Entra-only single-tenant. This is the default option unless you're registering the app outside of a directory. In cases where the app is registered outside of a directory, the default is Microsoft Entra multi-tenant and personal Microsoft accounts.
Accounts in any organizational directory	Select this option if you would like to target all business and educational customers. This option maps to a Microsoft Entra-only multi-tenant. If you registered the app as Microsoft Entra-only single-tenant, you can update it to be Microsoft Entra multi-tenant and back to single-tenant through the Authentication pane.
Accounts in any organizational directory and personal Microsoft accounts	Select this option to target the widest set of customers. This option maps to Microsoft Entra multi-tenant and personal Microsoft accounts. If you registered the app as Microsoft Entra multi-tenant and personal Microsoft accounts, you can't change this in the UI. Instead, you must use the application manifest editor to change the supported account types.

Redirect URI (optional) - Select the type of app you're building, Web or Public client (mobile & desktop), and then enter the redirect URI (or reply URL) for your application.
- For web applications, provide the base URL of your app. For example, http://localhost:31544 might be the URL for a web app running on your local machine. Users would use this URL to sign in to a web client application.
- For public client applications, provide the URI used by Microsoft Entra ID to return token responses. Enter a value specific to your application, such as myapp://auth.
To see specific examples for web applications or native applications, check out our quickstarts.

When finished, select Register.

Allow your Application to access Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps and assign it 'Read alerts' permission:
- On your application page, select API Permissions > Add permission > APIs my organization uses > type Microsoft Cloud App Security and then select Microsoft Cloud App Security.
- Note: Microsoft Cloud App Security does not appear in the original list. Start writing its name in the text box to see it appear. Make sure to type this name, even though the product is now called Defender for Cloud Apps.
- Choose Delegated permissions > Investigation.Read > select Add permissions
- Important note: Select the relevant permissions. Investigation.Read is only an example. For other permission scopes, see Supported permission scopes
  - To determine which permission you need, view the Permissions section in the API you're interested to call.
- Select Grant admin consent
  
  Note: Every time you add permission you must select Grant admin consent for the new permission to take effect.
Write down your application ID and your tenant ID:
- On your application page, go to Overview and copy the following information:

Supported permission scopes

Permission name	Description	Supported actions
Investigation.read	Perform all supported actions on activities and alerts except closing alerts. View IP ranges but not add, update or delete. Perform all entities actions.	Activities list, fetch, feedback Alerts list, fetch, mark as read/unread Entities list, fetch, fetch tree Subnet list
Investigation.manage	Perform all investigation.read actions in addition to managing alerts and IP ranges.	Activities list, fetch, feedback Alerts list, fetch, mark as read/unread, close Entities list, fetch, fetch tree Subnet list, create/update/delete
Discovery.read	Perform all supported actions on activities and alerts except closing alerts. List discovery reports and categories.	Alerts list, fetch, mark as read/unread Discovery list reports, list report categories
Discovery.manage	Discovery.read permissions Close alerts, upload discovery files and generate block scripts	Alerts list, fetch, mark as read/unread, close Discovery list reports, list report categories Discovery file upload, generate block script
Settings.read	List IP ranges.	Subnet list
Settings.manage	List and manage IP ranges.	Subnet list, create/update/delete

Get an access token

For more information on Microsoft Entra tokens, see Microsoft Entra tutorial

Using C#

Copy/Paste the following class in your application.

Use AcquireUserTokenAsync method with your application ID, tenant ID, user name, and password to acquire a token.

namespace MDA
{
    using System.Net.Http;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;

    public static class MDAUtils
    {
        private const string Authority = "https://login.microsoftonline.com";

        private const string MDAId = "05a65629-4c1b-48c1-a78b-804c4abdd4af";

        private const string Scope = "Investigation.read";

        public static async Task<string> AcquireUserTokenAsync(string username, string password, string appId, string tenantId)
        {
            using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
            {
                var urlEncodedBody = $"scope={MDAId}/{Scope}&client_id={appId}&grant_type=password&username={username}&password={password}";

                var stringContent = new StringContent(urlEncodedBody, Encoding.UTF8, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

                using (var response = await httpClient.PostAsync($"{Authority}/{tenantId}/oauth2/token", stringContent).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

                    var json = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

                    var jObject = JObject.Parse(json);

                    return jObject["access_token"].Value<string>();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Validate the token

Verify to make sure you got a correct token:

Copy/paste into JWT the token you got in the previous step in order to decode it
Validate that you get a 'scp' claim with the desired app permissions
In the screenshot below you can see a decoded token acquired from the app in the tutorial:

Use the token to access the Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps API

Choose the API you want to use. For more information, see Defender for Cloud Apps API.
Set the Authorization header in the HTTP request you send to "Bearer {token}" (Bearer is the Authorization scheme)
The Expiration time of the token is 1 hour (you can send more than one request with the same token)

Example of sending a request to get a list of alerts using C#

var httpClient = new HttpClient();

var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://portal.cloudappsecurity.com/cas/api/v1/alerts/");

request.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token);

var response = httpClient.SendAsync(request).GetAwaiter().GetResult();

// Do something useful with the response