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AppDomainUnloadedException Class

Definition

The exception that is thrown when an attempt is made to access an unloaded application domain.

C#
public class AppDomainUnloadedException : SystemException
C#
[System.Serializable]
public class AppDomainUnloadedException : SystemException
C#
[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class AppDomainUnloadedException : SystemException
Inheritance
AppDomainUnloadedException
Attributes

Examples

This section contains two code examples. The first example demonstrates the effects of an AppDomainUnloadedException on various threads, and the second shows elementary application domain unloading.

Example 1

The following code example defines a TestClass class that can be marshaled across application domain boundaries and an Example class containing a static (Shared in Visual Basic) ThreadProc method. The ThreadProc method creates an application domain, creates a TestClass object in the domain, and calls a method of TestClass that unloads the executing domain, causing an AppDomainUnloadedException.

The TestClass method is executed without exception handling from a ThreadPool thread and from an ordinary thread, demonstrating that the unhandled exception terminates the task or thread but not the application. It is then executed with and without exception handling from the main application thread, demonstrating that it terminates the application if not handled.

C#
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // 1. Queue ThreadProc as a task for a ThreadPool thread.
        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ThreadProc, " from a ThreadPool thread");
        Thread.Sleep(1000);

        // 2. Execute ThreadProc on an ordinary thread.
        Thread t = new Thread(ThreadProc);
        t.Start(" from an ordinary thread");
        t.Join();

        // 3. Execute ThreadProc on the main thread, with
        //    exception handling.
        try
        {
            ThreadProc(" from the main application thread (handled)");
        }
        catch (AppDomainUnloadedException adue)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Main thread caught AppDomainUnloadedException: {0}", adue.Message);
        }

        // 4. Execute ThreadProc on the main thread without
        //    exception handling.
        ThreadProc(" from the main application thread (unhandled)");

        Console.WriteLine("Main: This message is never displayed.");
    }

    private static void ThreadProc(object state)
    {
        // Create an application domain, and create an instance
        // of TestClass in the application domain. The first
        // parameter of CreateInstanceAndUnwrap is the name of
        // this executable. If you compile the example code using
        // any name other than "Sample.exe", you must change the
        // parameter appropriately.
        AppDomain ad = AppDomain.CreateDomain("TestDomain");
        TestClass tc = (TestClass)ad.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap("Sample", "TestClass");

        // In the new application domain, execute a method that
        // unloads the AppDomain. The unhandled exception this
        // causes ends the current thread.
        tc.UnloadCurrentDomain(state);

        Console.WriteLine("ThreadProc: This message is never displayed.");
    }
}

// TestClass derives from MarshalByRefObject, so it can be marshaled
// across application domain boundaries.
//
public class TestClass : MarshalByRefObject
{
    public void UnloadCurrentDomain(object state)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\nUnloading the current AppDomain{0}.", state);

        // Unload the current application domain. This causes
        // an AppDomainUnloadedException to be thrown.
        //
        AppDomain.Unload(AppDomain.CurrentDomain);
    }
}

/* This code example produces output similar to the following:
Unloading the current AppDomain from a ThreadPool thread.

Unloading the current AppDomain from an ordinary thread.

Unloading the current AppDomain from the main application thread (handled).
Main thread caught AppDomainUnloadedException: The application domain in which the thread was running has been unloaded.

Unloading the current AppDomain from the main application thread (unhandled).

Unhandled Exception: System.AppDomainUnloadedException: The application domain in which the thread was running has been unloaded.
   at TestClass.UnloadCurrentDomain(Object state)
   at Example.ThreadProc(Object state)
   at Example.Main()
 */

Example 2

The following code example creates and unloads an application domain, and demonstrates that an AppDomainUnloadedException is thrown on a subsequent attempt to access the unloaded domain.

C#
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security.Policy;
class ADUnload
{
    public static void Main()
    {

        //Create evidence for the new appdomain.
        Evidence adevidence = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence;

        // Create the new application domain.
        AppDomain domain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("MyDomain", adevidence);

                Console.WriteLine("Host domain: " + AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
                Console.WriteLine("child domain: " + domain.FriendlyName);
        // Unload the application domain.
        AppDomain.Unload(domain);

        try
        {
        Console.WriteLine();
        // Note that the following statement creates an exception because the domain no longer exists.
                Console.WriteLine("child domain: " + domain.FriendlyName);
        }

        catch (AppDomainUnloadedException e)
        {
        Console.WriteLine("The appdomain MyDomain does not exist.");
        }
    }
}

Remarks

In the .NET Framework version 2.0, an AppDomainUnloadedException that is not handled in user code has the following effect:

  • If a thread was started in managed code, it is terminated. The unhandled exception is not allowed to terminate the application.

  • If a task is executing on a ThreadPool thread, it is terminated and the thread is returned to the thread pool. The unhandled exception is not allowed to terminate the application.

  • If a thread started in unmanaged code, such as the main application thread, it is terminated. The unhandled exception is allowed to proceed, and the operating system terminates the application.

AppDomainUnloadedException uses the HRESULT COR_E_APPDOMAINUNLOADED, which has the value 0x80131014.

For a list of initial property values for an instance of AppDomainUnloadedException, see the AppDomainUnloadedException constructors.

Constructors

AppDomainUnloadedException()

Initializes a new instance of the AppDomainUnloadedException class.

AppDomainUnloadedException(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)
Obsolete.

Initializes a new instance of the AppDomainUnloadedException class with serialized data.

AppDomainUnloadedException(String, Exception)

Initializes a new instance of the AppDomainUnloadedException class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception.

AppDomainUnloadedException(String)

Initializes a new instance of the AppDomainUnloadedException class with a specified error message.

Properties

Data

Gets a collection of key/value pairs that provide additional user-defined information about the exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
HelpLink

Gets or sets a link to the help file associated with this exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
HResult

Gets or sets HRESULT, a coded numerical value that is assigned to a specific exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
InnerException

Gets the Exception instance that caused the current exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
Message

Gets a message that describes the current exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
Source

Gets or sets the name of the application or the object that causes the error.

(Inherited from Exception)
StackTrace

Gets a string representation of the immediate frames on the call stack.

(Inherited from Exception)
TargetSite

Gets the method that throws the current exception.

(Inherited from Exception)

Methods

Equals(Object)

Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.

(Inherited from Object)
GetBaseException()

When overridden in a derived class, returns the Exception that is the root cause of one or more subsequent exceptions.

(Inherited from Exception)
GetHashCode()

Serves as the default hash function.

(Inherited from Object)
GetObjectData(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)
Obsolete.

When overridden in a derived class, sets the SerializationInfo with information about the exception.

(Inherited from Exception)
GetType()

Gets the runtime type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Exception)
MemberwiseClone()

Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

(Inherited from Object)
ToString()

Creates and returns a string representation of the current exception.

(Inherited from Exception)

Events

SerializeObjectState
Obsolete.

Occurs when an exception is serialized to create an exception state object that contains serialized data about the exception.

(Inherited from Exception)

Applies to

Product Versions
.NET Core 2.0, Core 2.1, Core 2.2, Core 3.0, Core 3.1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.NET Framework 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.7, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.8, 4.8.1
.NET Standard 2.0, 2.1

See also