1.1 Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

200 OK: A response to indicate that the request has succeeded.

Audio/Video Multipoint Control Unit (AVMCU): A Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) that supports audio-video (AV) conferencing.

base64 encoding: A binary-to-text encoding scheme whereby an arbitrary sequence of bytes is converted to a sequence of printable ASCII characters, as described in [RFC4648].

certificate: A certificate is a collection of attributes and extensions that can be stored persistently. The set of attributes in a certificate can vary depending on the intended usage of the certificate. A certificate securely binds a public key to the entity that holds the corresponding private key. A certificate is commonly used for authentication and secure exchange of information on open networks, such as the Internet, extranets, and intranets. Certificates are digitally signed by the issuing certification authority (CA) and can be issued for a user, a computer, or a service. The most widely accepted format for certificates is defined by the ITU-T X.509 version 3 international standards. For more information about attributes and extensions, see [RFC3280] and [X509] sections 7 and 8.

conference: A Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) session that includes more than one participant.

conference URI (conference-URI): A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URI that uniquely identifies the focus of a conference.

Conference-Id: A string of printable ASCII characters that uniquely identifies a conference.

Content-Type header: A message header field whose value describes the type of data that is in the body of the message.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): A high-precision atomic time standard that approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). It is the basis for legal, civil time all over the Earth. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. In this role, it is also referred to as Zulu time (Z) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In these specifications, all references to UTC refer to the time at UTC-0 (or GMT).

Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (CAPI) or CryptoAPI: The Microsoft cryptographic application programming interface (API). An API that enables application developers to add authentication, encoding, and encryption to Windows-based applications.

federated user: An external user who possesses valid credentials with a federated partner and who therefore is treated as authenticated by a protocol server.

focus: A single user agent that maintains a dialog and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling relationship with each participant, implements conference policies, and ensures that each participant receives the media that comprise the tightly coupled conference.

Focus Factory: A component that is responsible for creating, managing, and deleting conferences.

fully qualified domain name (FQDN): In Active Directory, a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that identifies a domain.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): An application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.

in-band provisioning: A process in which a protocol client obtains configuration information from a protocol server.

lobby: A collection of objects that contains data about one or more participants who are waiting for the organizer or a presenter in a conference to admit participants to the conference.

MCU-Type: A literal that identifies all of the media types, such as audio-video, that are supported by a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU).

Multipoint Control Unit (MCU): A server endpoint that offers mixing services for multiparty, multiuser conferencing. An MCU typically supports one or more media types, such as audio, video, and data.

organizer: The owner or creator of a meeting or appointment.

participant: A user who is participating in a conference or peer-to-peer call, or the object that is used to represent that user.

private key: One of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography. The private key is kept secret and is used to decrypt data that has been encrypted with the corresponding public key. For an introduction to this concept, see [CRYPTO] section 1.8 and [IEEE1363] section 3.1.

public key: One of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography. The public key is distributed freely and published as part of a digital certificate. For an introduction to this concept, see [CRYPTO] section 1.8 and [IEEE1363] section 3.1.

public switched telephone network (PSTN): Public switched telephone network is the voice-oriented public switched telephone network. It is circuit-switched, as opposed to the packet-switched networks.

Request-URI: A URI in an HTTP request message, as described in [RFC2616].

service: A process or agent that is available on the network, offering resources or services for clients. Examples of services include file servers, web servers, and so on.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): An application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. SIP is defined in [RFC3261].

SIP message: The data that is exchanged between Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) elements as part of the protocol. An SIP message is either a request or a response.

SIP request: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message that is sent from a user agent client (UAC) to a user agent server (UAS) to call a specific operation.

SIP response: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message that is sent from a user agent server (UAS) to a user agent client (UAC) to indicate the status of a request from the UAC to the UAS.

SIP response code: A three-digit code in a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message, as described in [RFC3261].

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A protocol used with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. TCP handles keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

Transport Layer Security (TLS): A security protocol that supports confidentiality and integrity of messages in client and server applications communicating over open networks. TLS supports server and, optionally, client authentication by using X.509 certificates (as specified in [X509]). TLS is standardized in the IETF TLS working group.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A string that identifies a resource. The URI is an addressing mechanism defined in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax [RFC3986].

UTF-8: A byte-oriented standard for encoding Unicode characters, defined in the Unicode standard. Unless specified otherwise, this term refers to the UTF-8 encoding form specified in [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] section 3.9.

Voice over IP (VoIP): The use of the Internet Protocol (IP) for transmitting voice communications. VoIP delivers digitized audio in packet form and can be used to transmit over intranets, extranets, and the Internet.

X.509: An ITU-T standard for public key infrastructure subsequently adapted by the IETF, as specified in [RFC3280].

XML: The Extensible Markup Language, as described in [XML1.0].

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.