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1.1 Glossary

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This document uses the following terms:

authority: The first portion of a peer name. For secure peer names, this is a hash of a public key represented as 40 hexadecimal characters in printable form. For unsecured peer names, this is "0".

big-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the most significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

classifier: A Unicode string used in conjunction with an authority to form a Peer Name.

cloud: A group of Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP)  nodes that communicate with each other to resolve names into addresses.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): A high-precision atomic time standard that approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). It is the basis for legal, civil time all over the Earth. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. In this role, it is also referred to as Zulu time (Z) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In these specifications, all references to UTC refer to the time at UTC-0 (or GMT).

encryption key: One of the input parameters to an encryption algorithm. Generally speaking, an encryption algorithm takes as input a clear-text message and a key, and results in a cipher-text message. The corresponding decryption algorithm takes a cipher-text message, and the key, and results in the original clear-text message.

enhanced key usage (EKU): An extension that is a collection of object identifiers (OIDs) that indicate the applications that use the key.

globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the GUID. See also universally unique identifier (UUID).

Group Membership Certificate (GMC): A certificate for a given identity within the group.

Group Membership Certificate (GMC) Chain: A chain of GMCs leading to the Group's GRC.

Group Root Certificate (GRC): A self-signed certificate created by the group creator, which is the root of all GMC chains.

Identity Certificate (IDC): A self-signed certificate containing the public key for a given peer identity. An identity certificate is used for identity exchange, and does not appear in a GMC chain.

initialization vector: A data block that some modes of the AES cipher block operation require as an additional initial data input. For more information, see [SP800-38A].

little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

P2P Graphing: An implementation of the Peer to Peer Graphing Protocol.

P2P Grouping: An implementation of the Peer to Peer Grouping Security Protocol.

peer identity: A public/private key pair used by the Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP).

peer name: A string composed of an authority and a classifier. This is the string used by applications to resolve to a list of endpoints and/or an extended payload. A peer name is not required to be unique. For example, several nodes that provide the same service can register the same Peer Name.

Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP): The protocol that is specified in [MS-PNRP] and is used for registering and resolving a name to a set of information, such as IP addresses.

PNRP Cloud Name: A string that represents a PNRP cloud.

secure peer name: A peer name that has a nonzero authority and is tied to a Peer Identity.

Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

universally unique identifier (UUID): A 128-bit value. UUIDs can be used for multiple purposes, from tagging objects with an extremely short lifetime, to reliably identifying very persistent objects in cross-process communication such as client and server interfaces, manager entry-point vectors, and RPC objects. UUIDs are highly likely to be unique. UUIDs are also known as globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) and these terms are used interchangeably in the Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the UUID. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the UUID.

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.