ListView.VirtualMode Propiedad
Definición
Importante
Parte de la información hace referencia a la versión preliminar del producto, que puede haberse modificado sustancialmente antes de lanzar la versión definitiva. Microsoft no otorga ninguna garantía, explícita o implícita, con respecto a la información proporcionada aquí.
Obtiene o establece un valor que indica si proporcionó sus propias operaciones de administración de datos para el control ListView.
public:
property bool VirtualMode { bool get(); void set(bool value); };public bool VirtualMode { get; set; }member this.VirtualMode : bool with get, setPublic Property VirtualMode As BooleanValor de propiedad
true si ListView utiliza las operaciones de administración de datos proporcionadas; de lo contrario, false. De manera predeterminada, es false.
Excepciones
VirtualMode se ha establecido en true y hay una de las siguientes condiciones:
VirtualListSize es mayor que 0 y no se controla RetrieveVirtualItem.
o bien
Items, CheckedItemso SelectedItems contiene elementos.
o bien
Las modificaciones se realizan en Items.
Ejemplos
En este ejemplo se muestra un simple ListView cuyo contenido es el primer diez mil cuadrados. Controla la búsqueda y usa una memoria caché para aumentar el rendimiento.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class Form1 : Form
{
private ListViewItem[] myCache; //array to cache items for the virtual list
private int firstItem; //stores the index of the first item in the cache
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
public Form1()
{
//Create a simple ListView.
ListView listView1 = new ListView();
listView1.View = View.SmallIcon;
listView1.VirtualMode = true;
listView1.VirtualListSize = 10000;
//Hook up handlers for VirtualMode events.
listView1.RetrieveVirtualItem += new RetrieveVirtualItemEventHandler(listView1_RetrieveVirtualItem);
listView1.CacheVirtualItems += new CacheVirtualItemsEventHandler(listView1_CacheVirtualItems);
listView1.SearchForVirtualItem += new SearchForVirtualItemEventHandler(listView1_SearchForVirtualItem);
//Add ListView to the form.
this.Controls.Add(listView1);
//Search for a particular virtual item.
//Notice that we never manually populate the collection!
//If you leave out the SearchForVirtualItem handler, this will return null.
ListViewItem lvi = listView1.FindItemWithText("111111");
//Select the item found and scroll it into view.
if (lvi != null)
{
listView1.SelectedIndices.Add(lvi.Index);
listView1.EnsureVisible(lvi.Index);
}
}
//The basic VirtualMode function. Dynamically returns a ListViewItem
//with the required properties; in this case, the square of the index.
void listView1_RetrieveVirtualItem(object sender, RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs e)
{
//Caching is not required but improves performance on large sets.
//To leave out caching, don't connect the CacheVirtualItems event
//and make sure myCache is null.
//check to see if the requested item is currently in the cache
if (myCache != null && e.ItemIndex >= firstItem && e.ItemIndex < firstItem + myCache.Length)
{
//A cache hit, so get the ListViewItem from the cache instead of making a new one.
e.Item = myCache[e.ItemIndex - firstItem];
}
else
{
//A cache miss, so create a new ListViewItem and pass it back.
int x = e.ItemIndex * e.ItemIndex;
e.Item = new ListViewItem(x.ToString());
}
}
//Manages the cache. ListView calls this when it might need a
//cache refresh.
void listView1_CacheVirtualItems(object sender, CacheVirtualItemsEventArgs e)
{
//We've gotten a request to refresh the cache.
//First check if it's really neccesary.
if (myCache != null && e.StartIndex >= firstItem && e.EndIndex <= firstItem + myCache.Length)
{
//If the newly requested cache is a subset of the old cache,
//no need to rebuild everything, so do nothing.
return;
}
//Now we need to rebuild the cache.
firstItem = e.StartIndex;
int length = e.EndIndex - e.StartIndex + 1; //indexes are inclusive
myCache = new ListViewItem[length];
//Fill the cache with the appropriate ListViewItems.
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
x = (i + firstItem) * (i + firstItem);
myCache[i] = new ListViewItem(x.ToString());
}
}
//This event handler enables search functionality, and is called
//for every search request when in Virtual mode.
void listView1_SearchForVirtualItem(object sender, SearchForVirtualItemEventArgs e)
{
//We've gotten a search request.
//In this example, finding the item is easy since it's
//just the square of its index. We'll take the square root
//and round.
double x = 0;
if (Double.TryParse(e.Text, out x)) //check if this is a valid search
{
x = Math.Sqrt(x);
x = Math.Round(x);
e.Index = (int)x;
}
//If e.Index is not set, the search returns null.
//Note that this only handles simple searches over the entire
//list, ignoring any other settings. Handling Direction, StartIndex,
//and the other properties of SearchForVirtualItemEventArgs is up
//to this handler.
}
}
Public Class Form1
Inherits Form
Private myCache() As ListViewItem 'array to cache items for the virtual list
Private firstItem As Integer 'stores the index of the first item in the cache
Private WithEvents listView1 As ListView
Public Shared Sub Main()
Application.Run(New Form1)
End Sub
Public Sub New()
'Create a simple ListView.
listView1 = New ListView()
listView1.View = View.SmallIcon
listView1.VirtualMode = True
listView1.VirtualListSize = 10000
'Add ListView to the form.
Me.Controls.Add(listView1)
'Search for a particular virtual item.
'Notice that we never manually populate the collection!
'If you leave out the SearchForVirtualItem handler, this will return null.
Dim lvi As ListViewItem = listView1.FindItemWithText("111111")
'Select the item found and scroll it into view.
If Not (lvi Is Nothing) Then
listView1.SelectedIndices.Add(lvi.Index)
listView1.EnsureVisible(lvi.Index)
End If
End Sub
'The basic VirtualMode function. Dynamically returns a ListViewItem
'with the required properties; in this case, the square of the index.
Private Sub listView1_RetrieveVirtualItem(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs) Handles listView1.RetrieveVirtualItem
'Caching is not required but improves performance on large sets.
'To leave out caching, don't connect the CacheVirtualItems event
'and make sure myCache is null.
'check to see if the requested item is currently in the cache
If Not (myCache Is Nothing) AndAlso e.ItemIndex >= firstItem AndAlso e.ItemIndex < firstItem + myCache.Length Then
'A cache hit, so get the ListViewItem from the cache instead of making a new one.
e.Item = myCache((e.ItemIndex - firstItem))
Else
'A cache miss, so create a new ListViewItem and pass it back.
Dim x As Integer = e.ItemIndex * e.ItemIndex
e.Item = New ListViewItem(x.ToString())
End If
End Sub
'Manages the cache. ListView calls this when it might need a
'cache refresh.
Private Sub listView1_CacheVirtualItems(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CacheVirtualItemsEventArgs) Handles listView1.CacheVirtualItems
'We've gotten a request to refresh the cache.
'First check if it's really neccesary.
If Not (myCache Is Nothing) AndAlso e.StartIndex >= firstItem AndAlso e.EndIndex <= firstItem + myCache.Length Then
'If the newly requested cache is a subset of the old cache,
'no need to rebuild everything, so do nothing.
Return
End If
'Now we need to rebuild the cache.
firstItem = e.StartIndex
Dim length As Integer = e.EndIndex - e.StartIndex + 1 'indexes are inclusive
myCache = New ListViewItem(length) {}
'Fill the cache with the appropriate ListViewItems.
Dim x As Integer = 0
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To length
x = (i + firstItem) * (i + firstItem)
myCache(i) = New ListViewItem(x.ToString())
Next i
End Sub
'This event handler enables search functionality, and is called
'for every search request when in Virtual mode.
Private Sub listView1_SearchForVirtualItem(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SearchForVirtualItemEventArgs) Handles listView1.SearchForVirtualItem
'We've gotten a search request.
'In this example, finding the item is easy since it's
'just the square of its index. We'll take the square root
'and round.
Dim x As Double = 0
If [Double].TryParse(e.Text, x) Then 'check if this is a valid search
x = Math.Sqrt(x)
x = Math.Round(x)
e.Index = Fix(x)
End If
'Note that this only handles simple searches over the entire
'list, ignoring any other settings. Handling Direction, StartIndex,
'and the other properties of SearchForVirtualItemEventArgs is up
'to this handler.
End Sub
End Class
Comentarios
Al establecer la VirtualMode propiedad en true , se coloca en ListView modo virtual. En modo virtual, la colección normal Items no se usa. En su lugar, ListViewItem los objetos se crean dinámicamente, ya que los ListView requiere.
El modo virtual puede ser útil en muchas circunstancias. Si un ListView objeto debe rellenarse desde una colección muy grande ya en memoria, la creación de un ListViewItem objeto para cada entrada puede ser desperdiciada. En modo virtual, solo se crean los elementos necesarios. En otros casos, es posible que los valores de los ListViewItem objetos deban volver a calcularse con frecuencia y hacerlo para toda la colección produciría un rendimiento inaceptable. En modo virtual, solo se calculan los elementos necesarios.
Para usar el modo virtual, debe controlar el RetrieveVirtualItem evento , que se genera cada vez ListView que requiere un elemento. Este controlador de eventos debe crear el ListViewItem objeto que pertenece al índice especificado. Además, la VirtualListSize propiedad debe establecerse en el tamaño de la lista virtual.
Controlar el SearchForVirtualItem evento permite realizar búsquedas en modo virtual. Si este evento no se controla, los FindItemWithText métodos y FindNearestItem devolverán null.
Puede controlar el CacheVirtualItems evento para mantener una memoria caché de ListViewItem objetos. Si el cálculo o la búsqueda para crear un ListViewItem objeto es costoso, mantener una caché puede mejorar el rendimiento.
Si la View propiedad se establece Tileen , el valor se cambiará automáticamente a LargeIcon cuando VirtualMode se establezca en true.
En modo virtual, la Items colección está deshabilitada. Al intentar acceder a él, se produce una InvalidOperationExceptionexcepción . Lo mismo sucede con la CheckedItems colección y la SelectedItems colección . Si desea recuperar los elementos seleccionados o comprobados, use las SelectedIndices colecciones y CheckedIndices en su lugar.
