Tutorial: Discover servers running on Hyper-V with Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment

As part of your migration journey to Azure, you discover your on-premises inventory and workloads.

This tutorial shows you how to discover the servers that are running in your Hyper-V environment by using the Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment tool, a lightweight Azure Migrate appliance. You deploy the appliance as a server on Hyper-V host, to continuously discover servers and their performance metadata, applications that are running on servers, server dependencies, web apps, and SQL Server instances and databases.

In this tutorial, you learn how to:

• Set up an Azure account
• Prepare the Hyper-V environment for discovery.
• Create a project.
• Set up the Azure Migrate appliance.
• Start continuous discovery.

Note

Tutorials show the quickest path for trying out a scenario, and use default options.

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.

Prerequisites

Before you start this tutorial, check you have these prerequisites in place.

Requirement	Details
Hyper-V host	Hyper-V hosts on which servers are located can be standalone, or in a cluster. The host must be running Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, or Windows Server 2016. Verify inbound connections are allowed on WinRM port 5985 (HTTP), so that the appliance can connect to pull server metadata and performance data, using a Common Information Model (CIM) session.
Appliance deployment	Hyper-V host needs resources to allocate a server for the appliance: - 16 GB of RAM, 8 vCPUs, and around 80 GB of disk storage. - An external virtual switch, and internet access on the appliance, directly or via a proxy.
Servers	All Windows and Linux OS versions are supported for discovery of configuration and performance metadata. For application discovery on servers, all Windows and Linux OS versions are supported. Check the OS versions supported for agentless dependency analysis. To discover ASP.NET web apps running on IIS web server, check supported Windows OS and IIS versions. For discovery of installed applications and for agentless dependency analysis, Windows servers must have PowerShell version 2.0 or later installed. To discover Java web apps running on Apache Tomcat web server, check supported Linux OS and Tomcat versions.
SQL Server access	To discover SQL Server instances and databases, the Windows or SQL Server account requires these permissions for each SQL Server instance. You can use the account provisioning utility to create custom accounts or use any existing account that is a member of the sysadmin server role for simplicity.

Prepare an Azure user account

To create a project and register the Azure Migrate appliance, you need an account with:

• Contributor or Owner permissions on an Azure subscription.
• Permissions to register Microsoft Entra apps.

If you just created a free Azure account, you're the owner of your subscription. If you're not the subscription owner, work with the owner to assign the permissions as follows:

1. In the Azure portal, search for "subscriptions", and under Services, select Subscriptions.

   

2. In the Subscriptions page, select the subscription in which you want to create a project.

3. Select Access control (IAM).

4. Select Add > Add role assignment to open the Add role assignment page.

5. Assign the following role. For detailed steps, see Assign Azure roles using the Azure portal.

   Setting	Value
   Role	Contributor or Owner
   Assign access to	User
   Members	azmigrateuser

   

6. To register the appliance, your Azure account needs permissions to register Microsoft Entra apps.

7. In the portal, go to Microsoft Entra ID > Users.

8. Request the tenant or global admin to assign the Application Developer role to the account to allow Microsoft Entra app registration by users. Learn more.

Prepare Hyper-V hosts

You can prepare Hyper-V hosts manually, or using a script. The preparation steps are summarized in the table. The script prepares these automatically.

Step	Script	Manual
Verify host requirements	Checks that the host is running a supported version of Hyper-V, and the Hyper-V role. Enables the WinRM service, and opens ports 5985 (HTTP) and 5986 (HTTPS) on the host (needed for metadata collection).	The host must be running Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, or Windows Server 2012 R2. Verify inbound connections are allowed on WinRM port 5985 (HTTP), so that the appliance can connect to pull server metadata and performance data, using a Common Information Model (CIM) session. The script isn't currently supported on hosts with a non-English locale.
Verify PowerShell version	Checks that you're running the script on a supported PowerShell version.	Check you're running PowerShell version 4.0 or later on the Hyper-V host.
Create an account	Verifies that you have the correct permissions on the Hyper-V host. Allows you to create a local user account with the correct permissions.	Option 1: Prepare an account with Administrator access to the Hyper-V host machine. Option 2: Prepare a Local Admin account, or Domain Admin account, and add the account to these groups: Remote Management Users, Hyper-V Administrators, and Performance Monitor Users.
Enable PowerShell remoting	Enables PowerShell remoting on the host, so that the Azure Migrate appliance can run PowerShell commands on the host, over a WinRM connection.	To set up, on each host, open a PowerShell console as admin, and run this command: powershell Enable-PSRemoting -force
Set up Hyper-V integration services	Checks that the Hyper-V Integration Services is enabled on all servers managed by the host.	Enable Hyper-V Integration Services on each server. If you're running Windows Server 2003, follow these instructions.
Delegate credentials if server disks are located on remote SMB shares	Delegates credentials	Run this command to enable CredSSP to delegate credentials on hosts running servers with disks on SMB shares: powershell Enable-WSManCredSSP -Role Server -Force You can run this command remotely on all Hyper-V hosts. If you add new host nodes on a cluster they're automatically added for discovery, but you need to enable CredSSP manually. When you set up the appliance, you finish setting up CredSSP by enabling it on the appliance.

Run the script

1. Download the script from the Microsoft Download Center. The script is cryptographically signed by Microsoft.

2. Validate the script integrity using SHA256 hash file. Hashtag value is below. Run this command to generate the hash for the script:

   C:\>CertUtil -HashFile <file_location> [Hashing Algorithm]
   

   Example usage:

   C:\>CertUtil -HashFile C:\Users\Administrators\Desktop\MicrosoftAzureMigrate-Hyper-V.ps1 SHA256
   

3. After validating the script integrity, run the script on each Hyper-V host with this PowerShell command with elevated permissions:

   PS C:\Users\Administrators\Desktop> MicrosoftAzureMigrate-Hyper-V.ps1
   

Hash value is:

Hash	Value
SHA256	0ad60e7299925eff4d1ae9f1c7db485dc9316ef45b0964148a3c07c80761ade2

Create an account to access servers

The user account on your servers must have the required permissions to initiate discovery of installed applications, agentless dependency analysis, and SQL Server instances and databases. You can provide the user account information in the appliance configuration manager. The appliance doesn't install agents on the servers.

• To perform software inventory and agentless dependency analysis, create a guest user account (local or domain) on the servers. To perform web app discovery, you need an account with administrative permissions on the servers. To discover SQL Server instances and databases, the Windows or SQL Server account must be a member of the sysadmin server role or have these permissions for each SQL Server instance. Learn how to assign the required role to the user account.
• For Linux servers, provide a sudo user account with permissions to execute ls and netstat commands or create a user account that has the CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH and CAP_SYS_PTRACE permissions on /bin/netstat and /bin/ls files. If you're providing a sudo user account, ensure that you have enabled NOPASSWD for the account to run the required commands without prompting for a password every time sudo command is invoked.

Note

You can add multiple server credentials in the Azure Migrate appliance configuration manager to initiate discovery of installed applications, agentless dependency analysis, and SQL Server instances and databases. You can add multiple domain, Windows (non-domain), Linux (non-domain), or SQL Server authentication credentials. Learn how to add server credentials.

Set up a project

Set up a new project.

1. In the Azure portal > All services, search for Azure Migrate.

2. Under Services, select Azure Migrate.

3. In Get started, select Create project.

4. In Create project, select your Azure subscription and resource group. Create a resource group if you don't have one.

5. In Project Details, specify the project name and the geography in which you want to create the project. Review supported geographies for public and government clouds.

   Note

   Use the Advanced configuration section to create an Azure Migrate project with private endpoint connectivity. Learn more.

6. Select Create.

7. Wait a few minutes for the project to deploy. The Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment tool is added by default to the new project.

   

Note

If you have already created a project, you can use the same project to register additional appliances to discover and assess more no of servers. Learn more

Set up the appliance

Azure Migrate uses a lightweight Azure Migrate appliance. The appliance performs server discovery and sends server configuration and performance metadata to Azure Migrate. The appliance can be set up by deploying a VHD file that can be downloaded from the project.

Note

• If for some reason you can't set up the appliance using the template, you can set it up using a PowerShell script on an existing Windows Server 2019 or Windows Server 2022. Learn more.
• The option to deploy an appliance using a VHD template isn't supported in Azure Government cloud. Learn more on how to deploy an appliance for Azure Government cloud.

This tutorial sets up the appliance on a server running in Hyper-V environment, as follows:

1. Provide an appliance name and generate a project key in the portal.
2. Download a compressed Hyper-V VHD from the Azure portal.
3. Create the appliance, and check that it can connect to Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment.
4. Configure the appliance for the first time, and register it with the project using the project key.

1. Generate the project key

1. In Migration goals > Servers, databases and web apps > Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment, select Discover.
2. In Discover Servers > Are your servers virtualized?, select Yes, with Hyper-V.
3. In 1:Generate project key, provide a name for the Azure Migrate appliance that you'll set up for discovery of servers. The name should be alphanumeric with 14 characters or fewer.
4. Select Generate key to start the creation of the required Azure resources. Don't close the Discover server page during the creation of resources.
5. After the successful creation of the Azure resources, a project key is generated.
6. Copy the key as you'll need it to complete the registration of the appliance during its configuration.

2. Download the VHD

In 2: Download Azure Migrate appliance, select the .VHD file and select Download.

Verify security

Check that the zipped file is secure, before you deploy it.

1. On the machine to which you downloaded the file, open an administrator command window.

2. Run the following PowerShell command to generate the hash for the ZIP file

   • C:\>Get-FileHash -Path <file_location> -Algorithm [Hashing Algorithm]
   • Example usage: C:\>Get-FileHash -Path ./AzureMigrateAppliance_v3.20.09.25.zip -Algorithm SHA256

3. Verify the latest appliance versions and hash values:

   • For the Azure public cloud:

     Scenario	Download	SHA256
     Hyper-V (8.91 GB)	Latest version	952e493a63a45f97ecdc0945807d504f4bd2f0f4f8248472b784c3e6bd25eb13

   • For Azure Government:

     Scenario*	Download	SHA256
     Hyper-V (85.8 MB)	Latest version	07783A31D1E66BE963349B5553DC1F1E94C70AA149E11AC7D8914F4076480731

3. Create an appliance

Import the downloaded file, and create an appliance.

1. Extract the zipped VHD file to a folder on the Hyper-V host that will host the appliance. Three folders are extracted.
2. Open Hyper-V Manager. In Actions, click Import Virtual Machine.
3. In the Import Virtual Machine Wizard > Before you begin, click Next.
4. In Locate Folder, specify the folder containing the extracted VHD. Then click Next.
5. In Select Virtual Machine, click Next.
6. In Choose Import Type, click Copy the virtual machine (create a new unique ID). Then click Next.
7. In Choose Destination, leave the default setting. Click Next.
8. In Storage Folders, leave the default setting. Click Next.
9. In Choose Network, specify the virtual switch that the appliance will use. The switch needs internet connectivity to send data to Azure.
10. In Summary, review the settings. Then click Finish.
11. In Hyper-V Manager > Virtual Machines, start the appliance.

Verify appliance access to Azure

Make sure that the appliance can connect to Azure URLs public and government clouds.

4. Configure the appliance

Set up the appliance for the first time.

Note

If you set up the appliance using a PowerShell script instead of the downloaded VHD, the first two steps in this procedure aren't relevant.

1. In Hyper-V Manager > Virtual Machines, right-click the appliance > Connect.

2. Provide the language, time zone, and password for the appliance.

3. Open a browser on any machine that can connect to the appliance, and open the URL of the appliance web app: https://appliance name or IP address: 44368.

   Alternately, you can open the app from the appliance desktop by clicking the app shortcut.

4. Accept the license terms, and read the third-party information.

Set up prerequisites and register the appliance

In the configuration manager, select Set up prerequisites, and then complete these steps:

1. Connectivity: The appliance checks that the server has internet access. If the server uses a proxy:

   • Select Setup proxy to specify the proxy address (in the form http://ProxyIPAddress or http://ProxyFQDN, where FQDN refers to a fully qualified domain name) and listening port.

   • Enter credentials if the proxy needs authentication.

   • If you have added proxy details or disabled the proxy or authentication, select Save to trigger connectivity and check connectivity again.

     Only HTTP proxy is supported.

2. Time sync: Check that the time on the appliance is in sync with internet time for discovery to work properly.

3. Install updates and register appliance: To run auto-update and register the appliance, follow these steps:

   

   Note

   This is a new user experience in Azure Migrate appliance which is available only if you have set up an appliance using the latest OVA/Installer script downloaded from the portal. The appliances which have already been registered will continue seeing the older version of the user experience and will continue to work without any issues.

   1. For the appliance to run auto-update, paste the project key that you copied from the portal. If you don't have the key, go to Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment > Overview > Manage existing appliances. Select the appliance name you provided when you generated the project key, and then copy the key that's shown.

   2. The appliance will verify the key and start the auto-update service, which updates all the services on the appliance to their latest versions. When the auto-update has run, you can select View appliance services to see the status and versions of the services running on the appliance server.

   3. To register the appliance, you need to select Login. In Continue with Azure Login, select Copy code & Login to copy the device code (you must have a device code to authenticate with Azure) and open an Azure Login prompt in a new browser tab. Make sure you've disabled the pop-up blocker in the browser to see the prompt.

      

   4. In a new tab in your browser, paste the device code and sign in by using your Azure username and password. Signing in with a PIN isn't supported.

      Note

      If you close the login tab accidentally without logging in, refresh the browser tab of the appliance configuration manager to display the device code and Copy code & Login button.

   5. After you successfully log in, return to the browser tab that displays the appliance configuration manager. If the Azure user account that you used to log in has the required permissions for the Azure resources that were created during key generation, appliance registration starts.

      After the appliance is successfully registered, to see the registration details, select View details.

You can rerun prerequisites at any time during appliance configuration to check whether the appliance meets all the prerequisites.

Delegate credentials for SMB VHDs

If you're running VHDs on SMBs, you must enable delegation of credentials from the appliance to the Hyper-V hosts. To do this from the appliance:

1. On the appliance, run this command. HyperVHost1/HyperVHost2 are example host names.

   Enable-WSManCredSSP -Role Client -DelegateComputer HyperVHost1.contoso.com, HyperVHost2.contoso.com, HyperVHost1, HyperVHost2 -Force
   

2. Alternatively, do this in the Local Group Policy Editor on the appliance:

   • In Local Computer Policy > Computer Configuration, click Administrative Templates > System > Credentials Delegation.
   • Double-click Allow delegating fresh credentials, and select Enabled.
   • In Options, click Show, and add each Hyper-V host you want to discover to the list, with wsman/ as a prefix.
   • In Credentials Delegation, double-click Allow delegating fresh credentials with NTLM-only server authentication. Again, add each Hyper-V host you want to discover to the list, with wsman/ as a prefix.

Start continuous discovery

Connect from the appliance to Hyper-V hosts or clusters, and start server discovery.

Provide Hyper-V host/cluster details

1. In Step 1: Provide Hyper-V host credentials, select Add credentials to specify a friendly name for credentials, add Username and Password for a Hyper-V host/cluster that the appliance will use to discover servers. select Save.

2. If you want to add multiple credentials at once, select Add more to save and add more credentials. Multiple credentials are supported for discovery of servers in Hyper-V environment.

3. In Step 2: Provide Hyper-V host/cluster details, select Add discovery source to specify the Hyper-V host/cluster IP address/FQDN and the friendly name for credentials to connect to the host/cluster.

4. You can either Add single item at a time or Add multiple items in one go. There's also an option to provide Hyper-V host/cluster details through Import CSV.

   • If you choose Add single item, you need to specify friendly name for credentials and Hyper-V host/cluster IP address/FQDN, and select Save.
   • If you choose Add multiple items (selected by default), you can add multiple records at once by specifying Hyper-V host/cluster IP address/FQDN with the friendly name for credentials in the text box. Verify the added records and select Save.
   • If you choose Import CSV, you can download a CSV template file, populate the file with the Hyper-V host/cluster IP address/FQDN and friendly name for credentials. You then import the file into the appliance, verify the records in the file and select Save.

5. On clicking Save, appliance will try validating the connection to the Hyper-V hosts/clusters added and show the Validation status in the table against each host/cluster.

   • For successfully validated hosts/clusters, you can view more details by clicking on their IP address/FQDN.
   • If validation fails for a host, review the error by clicking on Validation failed in the Status column of the table. Fix the issue, and validate again.
   • To remove hosts or clusters, select Delete.
   • You can't remove a specific host from a cluster. You can only remove the entire cluster.
   • You can add a cluster, even if there are issues with specific hosts in the cluster.

6. You can revalidate the connectivity to hosts/clusters anytime before starting the discovery.

Provide server credentials

In Step 3: Provide server credentials to perform software inventory, agentless dependency analysis, discovery of SQL Server instances and databases in your Microsoft HyperV environment., you can provide multiple server credentials. If you don't want to use any of these appliance features, you can disable the slider and proceed with discovery of servers running on Hyper-V hosts/clusters. You can change this option at any time.

If you want to use these features, provide server credentials by completing the following steps. The appliance attempts to automatically map the credentials to the servers to perform the discovery features.

To add server credentials:

1. Select Add Credentials.

2. In the dropdown menu, select Credentials type.

   You can provide domain/, Windows(non-domain)/, Linux(non-domain)/, and SQL Server authentication credentials. Learn how to provide credentials and how we handle them.

3. For each type of credentials, enter:

   • A friendly name.
   • A username.
   • A password. Select Save.

   If you choose to use domain credentials, you also must enter the FQDN for the domain. The FQDN is required to validate the authenticity of the credentials with the Active Directory instance in that domain.

4. Review the required permissions on the account for discovery of installed applications, agentless dependency analysis, and discovery SQL Server instances and databases.

5. To add multiple credentials at once, select Add more to save credentials, and then add more credentials. When you select Save or Add more, the appliance validates the domain credentials with the domain's Active Directory instance for authentication. Validation is made after each addition to avoid account lockouts as the appliance iterates to map credentials to respective servers.

To check validation of the domain credentials:

In the configuration manager, in the credentials table, see the Validation status for domain credentials. Only domain credentials are validated.

If validation fails, you can select a Failed status to see the validation error. Fix the issue, and then select Revalidate credentials to reattempt validation of the credentials.

Start discovery

Select Start discovery, to kick off server discovery from the successfully validated host(s)/cluster(s). After the discovery has been successfully initiated, you can check the discovery status against each host/cluster in the table.

How discovery works

• It takes approximately 2 minutes per host for metadata of discovered servers to appear in the Azure portal.

• If you have provided server credentials, software inventory (discovery of installed applications) is automatically initiated when the discovery of servers running on Hyper-V host(s)/cluster(s) is finished.

• Software inventory identifies the SQL Server instances that are running on the servers. Using the information it collects, the appliance attempts to connect to the SQL Server instances through the Windows authentication credentials or the SQL Server authentication credentials that are provided on the appliance. Then, it gathers data on SQL Server databases and their properties. The SQL Server discovery is performed once every 24 hours.

• Appliance can connect to only those SQL Server instances to which it has network line of sight, whereas software inventory by itself might not need network line of sight.

• The time taken for discovery of installed applications depends on the number of discovered servers. For 500 servers, it takes approximately one hour for the discovered inventory to appear in the Azure Migrate project in the portal.

• Software inventory identifies web server role existing on discovered servers. If a server is found to have web server role enabled, Azure Migrate will perform web apps discovery on the server. Web apps configuration data is updated once every 24 hours.

• During software inventory, the added server credentials are iterated against servers and validated for agentless dependency analysis. When the discovery of servers is finished, in the portal, you can enable agentless dependency analysis on the servers. Only the servers on which validation succeeds can be selected to enable agentless dependency analysis.

• SQL Server instances and databases data begin to appear in the portal within 24 hours after you start discovery.

• By default, Azure Migrate uses the most secure way of connecting to SQL instances that is, Azure Migrate encrypts communication between the Azure Migrate appliance and the source SQL Server instances by setting the TrustServerCertificate property to true. Additionally, the transport layer uses SSL to encrypt the channel and bypass the certificate chain to validate trust. Hence, the appliance server must be set up to trust the certificate's root authority. However, you can modify the connection settings, by selecting Edit SQL Server connection properties on the appliance. Learn more to understand what to choose.

  

Verify servers in the portal

After discovery finishes, you can verify that the servers appear in the portal.

1. Open the Azure Migrate dashboard.
2. In Azure Migrate - Servers > Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment page, click the icon that displays the count for Discovered servers.

View support status

You can gain deeper insights into the support posture of your environment from the Discovered servers and Discovered database instances sections.

The Operating system license support status column displays the support status of the Operating system, whether it is in mainstream support, extended support, or out of support. Selecting the support status opens a pane on the right which provides clear guidance regarding actionable steps that can be taken to secure servers and databases in extended support or out of support.

To view the remaining duration until end of support, that is, the number of months for which the license is valid, select Columns > Support ends in > Submit. The Support ends in column displays the duration in months.

The Database instances displays the number of instances discovered by Azure Migrate. Select the number of instances to view the database instance details. The Database instance license support status displays the support status of the database instance. Selecting the support status opens a pane on the right, which provides clear guidance regarding actionable steps that can be taken to secure servers and databases in extended support or out of support.

To view the remaining duration until end of support, that is, the number of months for which the license is valid, select Columns > Support ends in > Submit. The Support ends in column displays the duration in months.

Onboard to Azure Stack HCI (optional)

Note

Perform this step only if you are migrating to Azure Stack HCI.

Provide the Azure Stack cluster information and the credentials to connect to the cluster. For more information, see Download the Azure Stack HCI software.

Next steps

• Assess servers on Hyper-V environment for migration to Azure VMs.
• Review the data that the appliance collects during discovery.