Array.FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Méthode
Définition
Important
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Récupère tous les éléments qui correspondent aux conditions définies par le prédicat spécifié.
public:
generic <typename T>
static cli::array <T> ^ FindAll(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);
public static T[] FindAll<T> (T[] array, Predicate<T> match);
static member FindAll : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T[]
Public Shared Function FindAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T()
Paramètres de type
- T
Type des éléments du tableau.
Paramètres
- array
- T[]
Array de base zéro unidimensionnel à explorer.
- match
- Predicate<T>
Predicate<T> qui définit les conditions des éléments à rechercher.
Retours
Array contenant tous les éléments qui correspondent aux conditions définies par le prédicat spécifié, le cas échéant ; sinon, Array vide.
Exceptions
Exemples
L’exemple suivant crée un tableau de 50 nombres aléatoires dont les valeurs peuvent être comprises entre 0 et 1 000. Il appelle ensuite la FindAll méthode avec une expression lambda qui retourne les valeurs comprises entre 300 et 600. Notez que l’expression lambda est passée à un paramètre nommé x
; il représente le membre de tableau individuel qui est passé à .Predicate<T> Notez également que les variables locales lBound
et uBound
sont accessibles dans l’expression lambda.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Get an array of n random integers.
int[] values = GetArray(50, 0, 1000);
int lBound = 300;
int uBound = 600;
int[] matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, x =>
x >= lBound && x <= uBound);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < matchedItems.Length; ctr++) {
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems[ctr]);
if ((ctr + 1) % 12 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static int[] GetArray(int n, int lower, int upper)
{
Random rnd = new Random();
List<int> list = new List<int>();
for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= n; ctr++)
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1));
return list.ToArray();
}
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
open System
let getArray n lower upper =
let rnd = Random()
[| for _ = 1 to n do
rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1) |]
// Get an array of n random integers.
let values = getArray 50 0 1000
let lBound = 300
let uBound = 600
let matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, fun x -> x >= lBound && x <= uBound)
for i = 0 to matchedItems.Length - 1 do
printf $"{matchedItems[i]} "
if (i + 1) % 12 = 0 then printfn ""
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Get an array of n random integers.
Dim values() As Integer = GetArray(50, 0, 1000)
Dim lBound As Integer = 300
Dim uBound As Integer = 600
Dim matchedItems() As Integer = Array.FindAll(values,
Function(x) x >= lBound And x <= uBound)
For ctr As Integer = 0 To matchedItems.Length - 1
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems(ctr))
If (ctr + 1) Mod 12 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
Private Function GetArray(n As Integer, lower As Integer,
upper As Integer) As Integer()
Dim rnd As New Random()
Dim list As New List(Of Integer)
For ctr As Integer = 1 To n
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1))
Next
Return list.ToArray()
End Function
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
' 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
' 535 416 393 385
L’exemple de code suivant illustre les Findméthodes génériques , FindLastet FindAll . Un tableau de chaînes est créé, contenant 8 noms de dinosaures, dont deux (aux positions 1 et 5) se terminent par « saurus ». L’exemple de code définit également une méthode de prédicat de recherche nommée EndsWithSaurus
, qui accepte un paramètre de chaîne et retourne une valeur booléenne indiquant si la chaîne d’entrée se termine par « saurus ».
La Find méthode générique traverse le tableau depuis le début, passant chaque élément à son tour à la EndsWithSaurus
méthode . La recherche s’arrête lorsque la EndsWithSaurus
méthode retourne true
l’élément « Amargasaurus ».
Notes
En C#, F# et Visual Basic, il n’est pas nécessaire de créer explicitement le Predicate<string>
délégué (Predicate(Of String)
en Visual Basic). Ces langages déduisent le délégué correct à partir du contexte et le créent automatiquement.
La FindLast méthode générique est utilisée pour effectuer une recherche dans le tableau à partir de la fin. Il trouve l’élément « Dilophosaurus » à la position 5. La FindAll méthode générique est utilisée pour retourner un tableau contenant tous les éléments qui se terminent par « saurus ». Les éléments sont affichés.
L’exemple de code illustre également les Exists méthodes génériques et TrueForAll .
using namespace System;
public ref class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public:
static void Main()
{
array<String^>^ dinosaurs =
{
"Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
"Velociraptor", "Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus",
"Gallimimus", "Triceratops"
};
DinoDiscoverySet^ GoMesozoic = gcnew DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);
GoMesozoic->DiscoverAll();
GoMesozoic->DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
}
DinoDiscoverySet(array<String^>^ items)
{
dinosaurs = items;
}
void DiscoverAll()
{
Console::WriteLine();
for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
{
Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
void DiscoverByEnding(String^ Ending)
{
Predicate<String^>^ dinoType;
if (Ending->ToLower() == "raptor")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithRaptor);
}
else if (Ending->ToLower() == "tops")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithTops);
}
else if (Ending->ToLower() == "saurus")
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
}
else
{
dinoType =
gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
}
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array::FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console::WriteLine(
"\nArray::FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);
array<String^>^ subArray =
Array::FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);
for each(String^ dinosaur in subArray)
{
Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
private:
array<String^>^ dinosaurs;
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
static bool EndsWithSaurus(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 5) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "saurus"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
static bool EndsWithRaptor(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 5) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "raptor"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
static bool EndsWithTops(String^ s)
{
if ((s->Length > 3) &&
(s->Substring(s->Length - 4)->ToLower() == "tops"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
};
int main()
{
DinoDiscoverySet::Main();
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/
using System;
public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] dinosaurs =
{
"Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
"Velociraptor", "Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus",
"Gallimimus", "Triceratops"
};
DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
}
private string[] dinosaurs;
public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
{
dinosaurs = items;
}
public void DiscoverAll()
{
Console.WriteLine();
foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
{
Predicate<string> dinoType;
switch (Ending.ToLower())
{
case "raptor":
dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
break;
case "tops":
dinoType = EndsWithTops;
break;
case "saurus":
default:
dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
break;
}
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);
string[] subArray =
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);
foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 3) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/
open System
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"
type DinoDiscoverySet =
{ Dinosaurs: string [] }
member this.DiscoverAll() =
printfn ""
for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
printfn $"{dino}"
member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
let dinoType =
match ending.ToLower() with
| "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
| "tops" -> endsWithTops
| "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus
Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
printfn $"{dinosaur}"
let dinosaurs =
[| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
"Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
"Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]
let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }
goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"
// This code example produces the following output:
// Compsognathus
// Amargasaurus
// Oviraptor
// Velociraptor
// Deinonychus
// Dilophosaurus
// Gallimimus
// Triceratops
//
// Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
// Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
// Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
// Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
// Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
// Amargasaurus
// Dilophosaurus
Public Class DinoDiscoverySet
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
"Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor", "Velociraptor", _
"Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus", "Gallimimus", _
"Triceratops" }
Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
End Sub
Private dinosaurs As String()
Public Sub New(items() As String)
dinosaurs = items
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverAll()
Console.WriteLine()
For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)
Select Case Ending.ToLower()
Case "raptor"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
Case "tops"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
Case "saurus"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
Case Else
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
End Select
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)
Dim subArray() As String = _
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)
For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
End Class
' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus
Remarques
est Predicate<T> un délégué à une méthode qui retourne true
si l’objet qui lui a été transmis correspond aux conditions définies dans le délégué. Les éléments de array
sont transmis individuellement au Predicate<T>, et les éléments qui correspondent aux conditions sont enregistrés dans le tableau retourné.
Cette méthode est une opération O(n
), où n
est le Length de array
.
Dans F#, la fonction Array.filter peut être utilisée à la place.