Application.Run Méthode

Définition

Espace de noms:

System.Windows.Forms

Assembly:

System.Windows.Forms.dll

Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours.

Surcharges

Run()	Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours, sans formulaire.
Run(ApplicationContext)	Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours, avec ApplicationContext.
Run(Form)	Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours et affiche le formulaire spécifié.

Run()

Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours, sans formulaire.

public:
 static void Run();

public static void Run ();

static member Run : unit -> unit

Public Shared Sub Run ()

Exceptions

InvalidOperationException

Une boucle de messages principale est déjà en cours d'exécution sur ce thread.

Remarques

Dans une application Win32 ou Windows Forms, une boucle de message est une routine dans le code qui traite les événements utilisateur, tels que les clics de souris et les traits de clavier. Chaque application Windows en cours d’exécution nécessite une boucle de message active, appelée boucle de message principale. Lorsque la boucle de message principale est fermée, l’application se ferme. Dans Windows Forms, cette boucle est fermée lorsque la Exit méthode est appelée, ou lorsque la ExitThread méthode est appelée sur le thread qui exécute la boucle de message principale.

La plupart Windows Forms développeurs n’auront pas besoin d’utiliser cette version de la méthode. Vous devez utiliser la Run(Form) surcharge pour démarrer une application avec un formulaire principal, afin que l’application se termine lorsque le formulaire principal est fermé. Pour toutes les autres situations, utilisez la Run(ApplicationContext) surcharge, qui prend en charge l’approvisionnement d’un ApplicationContext objet pour un meilleur contrôle sur la durée de vie de l’application.

Voir aussi

• Exit()
• ExitThread()
• DoEvents()

Run(ApplicationContext)

Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours, avec ApplicationContext.

public:
 static void Run(System::Windows::Forms::ApplicationContext ^ context);

public static void Run (System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext context);

static member Run : System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext -> unit

Public Shared Sub Run (context As ApplicationContext)

Paramètres

context

ApplicationContext

ApplicationContext dans lequel l'application est exécutée.

Exceptions

InvalidOperationException

Une boucle de messages principale est déjà en cours d'exécution sur ce thread.

Exemples

L’exemple montre comment afficher deux formulaires et quitter l’application lorsque les deux formulaires sont fermés. Lorsque l’application démarre et se ferme, la position de chaque formulaire est mémorisé. Cet exemple montre comment utiliser un ApplicationContextformulaire , ainsi que la Application.Run(context) méthode, pour afficher plusieurs formulaires au démarrage de l’application.

La classe MyApplicationContext hérite et ApplicationContext effectue le suivi lorsque chaque formulaire est fermé et quitte le thread actuel lorsqu’ils sont tous les deux. La classe stocke les positions de chaque formulaire pour l’utilisateur. Les données de position de formulaire sont stockées dans un fichier intitulé Appdata.txt créé à l’emplacement déterminé par UserAppDataPath. La Main méthode appelle Application.Run(context) pour démarrer l’application en fonction du ApplicationContext.

Le code pour les formulaires et AppForm2 les AppForm1 formulaires n’est pas affiché à des fins de concision. Consultez la vue d’ensemble de la ApplicationContext classe pour l’ensemble de la liste de code.

// The class that handles the creation of the application windows
ref class MyApplicationContext: public ApplicationContext
{
private:
   int _formCount;
   AppForm1^ _form1;
   AppForm2^ _form2;
   System::Drawing::Rectangle _form1Position;
   System::Drawing::Rectangle _form2Position;
   FileStream^ _userData;

public:

   MyApplicationContext()
   {
      _formCount = 0;
      
      // Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
      Application::ApplicationExit += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnApplicationExit );
      try
      {
         
         // Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
         _userData = gcnew FileStream( String::Concat( Application::UserAppDataPath, "\\appdata.txt" ),FileMode::OpenOrCreate );
      }
      catch ( IOException^ e ) 
      {
         
         // Inform the user that an error occurred.
         MessageBox::Show( "An error occurred while attempting to show the application. The error is: {0}", dynamic_cast<String^>(e) );
         
         // Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
         ExitThread();
      }

      
      // Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
      // to know when both forms are closed.
      _form1 = gcnew AppForm1;
      _form1->Closed += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosed );
      _form1->Closing += gcnew CancelEventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosing );
      _formCount++;
      _form2 = gcnew AppForm2;
      _form2->Closed += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosed );
      _form2->Closing += gcnew CancelEventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosing );
      _formCount++;
      
      // Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
      if ( ReadFormDataFromFile() )
      {
         
         // If the data was read from the file, set the form
         // positions manually.
         _form1->StartPosition = FormStartPosition::Manual;
         _form2->StartPosition = FormStartPosition::Manual;
         _form1->Bounds = _form1Position;
         _form2->Bounds = _form2Position;
      }

      
      // Show both forms.
      _form1->Show();
      _form2->Show();
   }

   void OnApplicationExit( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
      // user file and close it.
      WriteFormDataToFile();
      try
      {
         
         // Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
         _userData->Close();
      }
      catch ( Exception^ ) 
      {
      }

   }

private:

   void OnFormClosing( Object^ sender, CancelEventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
      // can be saved in the user data file.
      if ( dynamic_cast<AppForm1^>(sender) != nullptr )
            _form1Position = (dynamic_cast<Form^>(sender))->Bounds;
      else
      if ( dynamic_cast<AppForm1^>(sender) != nullptr )
            _form2Position = (dynamic_cast<Form^>(sender))->Bounds;
   }

   void OnFormClosed( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.
      // When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
      // ExitThread().
      _formCount--;
      if ( _formCount == 0 )
      {
         ExitThread();
      }
   }

   bool WriteFormDataToFile()
   {
      
      // Write the form positions to the file.
      UTF8Encoding^ encoding = gcnew UTF8Encoding;
      RectangleConverter^ rectConv = gcnew RectangleConverter;
      String^ form1pos = rectConv->ConvertToString( _form1Position );
      String^ form2pos = rectConv->ConvertToString( _form2Position );
      array<Byte>^dataToWrite = encoding->GetBytes( String::Concat( "~", form1pos, "~", form2pos ) );
      try
      {
         
         // Set the write position to the start of the file and write
         _userData->Seek( 0, SeekOrigin::Begin );
         _userData->Write( dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite->Length );
         _userData->Flush();
         _userData->SetLength( dataToWrite->Length );
         return true;
      }
      catch ( Exception^ ) 
      {
         
         // An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
         return false;
      }

   }

   bool ReadFormDataFromFile()
   {
      
      // Read the form positions from the file.
      UTF8Encoding^ encoding = gcnew UTF8Encoding;
      String^ data;
      if ( _userData->Length != 0 )
      {
         array<Byte>^dataToRead = gcnew array<Byte>(_userData->Length);
         try
         {
            
            // Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
            _userData->Seek( 0, SeekOrigin::Begin );
            _userData->Read( dataToRead, 0, dataToRead->Length );
         }
         catch ( IOException^ e ) 
         {
            String^ errorInfo = dynamic_cast<String^>(e);
            
            // An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
            return false;
         }
         
         // Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
         data = encoding->GetString( dataToRead );
         try
         {
            
            // Convert the String* data to rectangles
            RectangleConverter^ rectConv = gcnew RectangleConverter;
            String^ form1pos = data->Substring( 1, data->IndexOf( "~", 1 ) - 1 );
            _form1Position =  *safe_cast<Rectangle^>(rectConv->ConvertFromString( form1pos ));
            String^ form2pos = data->Substring( data->IndexOf( "~", 1 ) + 1 );
            _form2Position =  *safe_cast<Rectangle^>(rectConv->ConvertFromString( form2pos ));
            return true;
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ) 
         {
            
            // Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
            // Return false to use default values.
            return false;
         }
      }
      else
      {
         
         // No data in the file, return false to use default values.
         return false;
      }
   }
};

// The class that handles the creation of the application windows
class MyApplicationContext : ApplicationContext
{

    private int _formCount;
    private AppForm1 _form1;
    private AppForm2 _form2;

    private Rectangle _form1Position;
    private Rectangle _form2Position;

    private FileStream _userData;

    private MyApplicationContext()
    {
        _formCount = 0;

        // Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
        Application.ApplicationExit += new EventHandler(this.OnApplicationExit);

        try
        {
            // Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
            _userData = new FileStream(Application.UserAppDataPath + "\\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            // Inform the user that an error occurred.
            MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the application." +
                            "The error is:" + e.ToString());

            // Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
            ExitThread();
        }

        // Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
        // to know when both forms are closed.
        _form1 = new AppForm1();
        _form1.Closed += new EventHandler(OnFormClosed);
        _form1.Closing += new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing);
        _formCount++;

        _form2 = new AppForm2();
        _form2.Closed += new EventHandler(OnFormClosed);
        _form2.Closing += new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing);
        _formCount++;

        // Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
        if (ReadFormDataFromFile())
        {
            // If the data was read from the file, set the form
            // positions manually.
            _form1.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
            _form2.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;

            _form1.Bounds = _form1Position;
            _form2.Bounds = _form2Position;
        }

        // Show both forms.
        _form1.Show();
        _form2.Show();
    }

    private void OnApplicationExit(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
        // user file and close it.
        WriteFormDataToFile();

        try
        {
            // Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
            _userData.Close();
        }
        catch { }
    }

    private void OnFormClosing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
    {
        // When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
        // can be saved in the user data file.
        if (sender is AppForm1)
            _form1Position = ((Form)sender).Bounds;
        else if (sender is AppForm2)
            _form2Position = ((Form)sender).Bounds;
    }

    private void OnFormClosed(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.

        // When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
        // ExitThread().
        _formCount--;
        if (_formCount == 0)
        {
            ExitThread();
        }
    }

    private bool WriteFormDataToFile()
    {
        // Write the form positions to the file.
        UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();

        RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
        string form1pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form1Position);
        string form2pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form2Position);

        byte[] dataToWrite = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1pos + "~" + form2pos);

        try
        {
            // Set the write position to the start of the file and write
            _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            _userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.Length);
            _userData.Flush();

            _userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.Length);
            return true;
        }
        catch
        {
            // An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
            return false;
        }
    }

    private bool ReadFormDataFromFile()
    {
        // Read the form positions from the file.
        UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        string data;

        if (_userData.Length != 0)
        {
            byte[] dataToRead = new byte[_userData.Length];

            try
            {
                // Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                _userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.Length);
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                string errorInfo = e.ToString();
                // An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                return false;
            }

            // Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
            data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead);

            try
            {
                // Convert the string data to rectangles
                RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
                string form1pos = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1);

                _form1Position = (Rectangle)rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1pos);

                string form2pos = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1);
                _form2Position = (Rectangle)rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2pos);

                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                // Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                // Return false to use default values.
                return false;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // No data in the file, return false to use default values.
            return false;
        }
    }

    [STAThread]
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        // Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
        // that manages when the application should exit.

        MyApplicationContext context = new MyApplicationContext();

        // Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
        // all forms are closed.
        Application.Run(context);
    }
}

' The class that handles the creation of the application windows
Public Class MyApplicationContext
    Inherits ApplicationContext

    Private _formCount As Integer
    Private _form1 As AppForm1
    Private _form2 As AppForm2

    Private _form1Position As Rectangle
    Private _form2Position As Rectangle

    Private _userData As FileStream

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
        _formCount = 0

        ' Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
        AddHandler Application.ApplicationExit, AddressOf OnApplicationExit

        Try
            ' Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
            _userData = New FileStream(Application.UserAppDataPath + "\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

        Catch e As IOException
            ' Inform the user that an error occurred.
            MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the application." +
                            "The error is:" + e.ToString())

            ' Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
            ExitThread()
        End Try

        ' Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
        ' to know when both forms are closed.
        _form1 = New AppForm1()
        AddHandler _form1.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler _form1.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        _formCount = _formCount + 1

        _form2 = New AppForm2()
        AddHandler _form2.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler _form2.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        _formCount = _formCount + 1

        ' Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
        If (ReadFormDataFromFile()) Then
            ' If the data was read from the file, set the form
            ' positions manually.
            _form1.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual
            _form2.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual

            _form1.Bounds = _form1Position
            _form2.Bounds = _form2Position
        End If

        ' Show both forms.
        _form1.Show()
        _form2.Show()
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnApplicationExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
        ' user file and close it.
        WriteFormDataToFile()

        Try
            ' Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
            _userData.Close()
        Catch
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnFormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
        ' When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
        ' can be saved in the user data file.
        If TypeOf sender Is AppForm1 Then
            _form1Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        ElseIf TypeOf sender Is AppForm2 Then
            _form2Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnFormClosed(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.

        ' When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
        ' ExitThread().
        _formCount = _formCount - 1
        If (_formCount = 0) Then
            ExitThread()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Function WriteFormDataToFile() As Boolean
        ' Write the form positions to the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()

        Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
        Dim form1pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form1Position)
        Dim form2pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form2Position)

        Dim dataToWrite As Byte() = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1pos + "~" + form2pos)

        Try
            ' Set the write position to the start of the file and write
            _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
            _userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.Length)
            _userData.Flush()

            _userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.Length)
            Return True

        Catch
            ' An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
            Return False
        End Try

    End Function

    Private Function ReadFormDataFromFile() As Boolean
        ' Read the form positions from the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()
        Dim data As String

        If (_userData.Length <> 0) Then
            Dim dataToRead(_userData.Length) As Byte

            Try
                ' Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
                _userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.Length)

            Catch e As IOException
                Dim errorInfo As String = e.ToString()
                ' An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                Return False
            End Try

            ' Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
            data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead)

            Try
                ' Convert the string data to rectangles
                Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
                Dim form1pos As String = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1)

                _form1Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1pos), Rectangle)

                Dim form2pos As String = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1)
                _form2Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2pos), Rectangle)

                Return True

            Catch
                ' Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                ' Return false to use default values.
                Return False
            End Try

        Else
            ' No data in the file, return false to use default values.
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

End Class

Public Module MyApplication
    Public Sub Main()
        ' Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
        ' that manages when the application should exit.

        Dim context As MyApplicationContext = New MyApplicationContext()

        ' Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
        ' all forms are closed.
        Application.Run(context)
    End Sub
End Module

Remarques

La boucle de message s’exécute jusqu’à ce qu’elle Exit soit appelée ou ExitThread que l’événement ThreadExit soit déclenché sur l’objet de contexte.

Voir aussi

• Exit()
• ExitThread()
• DoEvents()

Run(Form)

Commence à exécuter une boucle de messages d'application standard sur le thread en cours et affiche le formulaire spécifié.

public:
 static void Run(System::Windows::Forms::Form ^ mainForm);

public static void Run (System.Windows.Forms.Form mainForm);

static member Run : System.Windows.Forms.Form -> unit

Public Shared Sub Run (mainForm As Form)

Paramètres

mainForm

Form

Form représentant le formulaire à afficher.

Exceptions

InvalidOperationException

Une boucle de messages principale est déjà en cours d'exécution sur le thread en cours.

Exemples

L’exemple de code suivant répertorie les numéros dans une zone de liste d’un formulaire. Chaque fois que vous cliquez, button1l’application ajoute un autre numéro à la liste.

La Main méthode appelle Run pour démarrer l’application, qui crée le formulaire, listBox1et button1. Lorsque l’utilisateur clique, la button1_Click méthode ajoute des nombres button11 à trois à la zone de liste et affiche un MessageBox. Si l’utilisateur clique sur Non , MessageBoxla button1_Click méthode ajoute un autre numéro à la liste. Si l’utilisateur clique sur Oui, l’application appelle Exit pour traiter tous les messages restants dans la file d’attente, puis pour quitter.

L’exemple nécessite qu’il listBox1 ait été créé et button1 placé sur un formulaire.

public:
   static void main()
   {
      // Starts the application.
      Application::Run( gcnew Form1 );
   }

private:
   void button1_Click( Object^ sender, System::EventArgs^ e )
   {
      // Populates a list box with three numbers.
      int i = 3;
      for ( int j = 1; j <= i; j++ )
      {
         listBox1->Items->Add( j );
      }
      
      /* Determines whether the user wants to exit the application.
       * If not, adds another number to the list box. */
      while ( MessageBox::Show( "Exit application?", "",
         MessageBoxButtons::YesNo ) == ::DialogResult::No )
      {
         // Increments the counter ands add the number to the list box.
         i++;
         listBox1->Items->Add( i );
      }
      
      // The user wants to exit the application. Close everything down.
      Application::Exit();
   }

public static void Main(string[] args) {
    // Starts the application.
    Application.Run(new Form1());
 }

 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
    // Populates a list box with three numbers.
    int i = 3;
    for(int j=1; j<=i; j++) {
       listBox1.Items.Add(j);
    }

    /* Determines whether the user wants to exit the application.
     * If not, adds another number to the list box. */
    while (MessageBox.Show("Exit application?", "", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) ==
       DialogResult.No) {
       // Increments the counter ands add the number to the list box.
       i++;
       listBox1.Items.Add(i);
    }

    // The user wants to exit the application. Close everything down.
    Application.Exit();
 }

<STAThread()> _
Shared Sub Main() 	
   ' Starts the application.
   Application.Run(New Form1())
End Sub

Private Sub button1_Click(sender As object, e As System.EventArgs)
   ' Populates a list box with three numbers.
   Dim i As Integer = 3
   Dim j As Integer
   For j = 1 To i - 1
      listBox1.Items.Add(j)
   Next

   ' Checks to see whether the user wants to exit the application.
   ' If not, adds another number to the list box.
   While (MessageBox.Show("Exit application?", "", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) = _ 
      DialogResult.No)
      ' Increments the counter and adds the number to the list box.
      i = i + 1
      listBox1.Items.Add(i)
   End While

   ' The user wants to exit the application. Close everything down.
   Application.Exit()
End Sub

Remarques

En règle générale, la fonction principale d’une application appelle cette méthode et lui transmet la fenêtre principale de l’application.

Cette méthode ajoute un gestionnaire d’événements au mainForm paramètre de l’événement Closed . Le gestionnaire d’événements appelle ExitThread pour nettoyer l’application.

Notes

La Dispose méthode de la Form classe sera appelée avant le retour de cette méthode.

Voir aussi

• Exit()
• ExitThread()
• DoEvents()