Comment initialiser DirectComposition
Notes
Pour les applications sur Windows 10, nous vous recommandons d’utiliser les API Windows.UI.Composition au lieu de DirectComposition. Pour plus d’informations, consultez Moderniser votre application de bureau à l’aide de la couche Visual.
Cette rubrique montre comment créer et initialiser l’ensemble minimal d’objets Microsoft DirectComposition nécessaires à la création d’une composition simple.
Bon à savoir
Technologies
Prérequis
- C/C++
- Microsoft Win32
- COM (Component Object Model)
Instructions
Étape 1 : Créer l’objet d’appareil Direct3D
Utilisez la fonction D3D11CreateDevice de l’API Microsoft Direct3D pour créer une instance d’un objet d’appareil qui représente l’adaptateur d’affichage.
ID3D11Device *m_pD3D11Device;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevelSupported;
// Create the D3D device object. The D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT
// flag enables rendering on surfaces using Direct2D.
hr = D3D11CreateDevice(
nullptr,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
NULL,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&m_pD3D11Device,
&featureLevelSupported,
nullptr);
Étape 2 : Récupérer un pointeur vers l’objet DXGI
Utilisez la méthode QueryInterface pour récupérer le pointeur IDXGIDevice à partir de l’objet d’appareil Direct3D. DirectComposition utilise l’objet DXGI (Microsoft DirectX Graphics Infrastructure) pour créer tous les objets surface pour l’appareil DirectComposition.
IDXGIDevice *pDXGIDevice = nullptr;
// Check the result of calling D3D11CreateDriver.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DXGI device used to create bitmap surfaces.
hr = m_pD3D11Device->QueryInterface(&pDXGIDevice);
}
Étape 3 : Créer l’objet d’appareil DirectComposition
Utilisez la fonction DCompositionCreateDevice pour créer un instance de l’objet d’appareil DirectComposition, en spécifiant le pointeur IDXGIDevice récupéré à l’étape précédente. La fonction récupère un pointeur IDCompositionDevice utilisé pour créer tous les autres objets DirectComposition utilisés dans une composition.
IDCompositionDevice *m_pDCompDevice;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DirectComposition device object.
hr = DCompositionCreateDevice(pDXGIDevice,
__uuidof(IDCompositionDevice),
reinterpret_cast<void **>(&m_pDCompDevice));
}
Étape 4 : Créer l’objet cible de composition
Utilisez la méthode IDCompositionDevice::CreateTargetForHwnd pour créer un instance de l’objet cible de composition. L’appel de CreateTargetForHwnd lie l’objet d’appareil à la fenêtre d’application qui affichera la composition.
IDCompositionTarget *m_pDCompTarget;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the composition target object based on the
// specified application window.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateTargetForHwnd(m_hwnd, TRUE, &m_pDCompTarget);
}
Étape 5 : Créer un objet visuel
Utilisez la méthode IDCompositionDevice::CreateVisual pour créer un objet visuel. La méthode récupère un pointeur IDCompositionVisual utilisé pour définir les propriétés du visuel. Pour plus d’informations, consultez Propriétés d’un objet visuel.
IDCompositionVisual *pVisual = nullptr;
// Create a visual object.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateVisual(&pVisual);
Étape 6 : Créer une surface de composition et afficher une image bitmap sur la surface
Créez un pointeur IDCompositionSurface .
IDCompositionSurface *pSurface = nullptr;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create a composition surface and render a GDI bitmap
// to the surface.
hr = MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(m_hBitmap, &pSurface);
}
La fonction suivante crée une surface Microsoft DirectComposition et dessine la bitmap sur la surface.
// MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface - Creates a DirectComposition surface and
// copies the bitmap to the surface.
//
// Parameters:
// hBitmap - a GDI bitmap.
// ppSurface - the composition surface object.
//
HRESULT DemoApp::MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap,
IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
int bitmapWidth = 0;
int bitmapHeight = 0;
int bmpSize = 0;
BITMAP bmp = { };
HBITMAP hBitmapOld = NULL;
HDC hSurfaceDC = NULL;
HDC hBitmapDC = NULL;
IDXGISurface1 *pDXGISurface = nullptr;
IDCompositionSurface *pDCSurface = nullptr;
POINT pointOffset = { };
if (ppSurface == nullptr)
return E_INVALIDARG;
// Get information about the bitmap.
bmpSize = GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
hr = bmpSize ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Save the bitmap dimensions.
bitmapWidth = bmp.bmWidth;
bitmapHeight = bmp.bmHeight;
// Create a DirectComposition-compatible surface that is the same size
// as the bitmap. The DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM flag is required for
// rendering on the surface using GDI via GetDC.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateSurface(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight,
DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE, &pDCSurface);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Begin rendering to the surface.
hr = pDCSurface->BeginDraw(NULL, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1),
reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDXGISurface), &pointOffset);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Get the device context (DC) for the surface.
hr = pDXGISurface->GetDC(FALSE, &hSurfaceDC);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create a compatible DC and select the surface
// into the DC.
hBitmapDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hSurfaceDC);
if (hBitmapDC != NULL)
{
hBitmapOld = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmap);
BitBlt(hSurfaceDC, pointOffset.x, pointOffset.y,
bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight, hBitmapDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
if (hBitmapOld)
{
SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmapOld);
}
DeleteDC(hBitmapDC);
}
pDXGISurface->ReleaseDC(NULL);
}
// End the rendering.
pDCSurface->EndDraw();
*ppSurface = pDCSurface;
// Call an application-defined macro to free the surface pointer.
SafeRelease(&pDXGISurface);
return hr;
}
Étape 7 : Lier une surface à un élément visuel et définir les propriétés de l’objet visuel
Appelez les méthodes de l’interface IDCompositionVisual de l’objet visuel pour définir les propriétés du visuel.
Cet exemple suivant définit le contenu bitmap du visuel et la position horizontale et verticale du visuel par rapport au coin supérieur gauche de son conteneur. Étant donné qu’il s’agit du visuel racine, le conteneur de ce visuel est la fenêtre cible de composition.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the bitmap content of the visual.
hr = pVisual->SetContent(pSurface);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the horizontal and vertical position of the visual relative
// to the upper-left corner of the composition target window.
hr = pVisual->SetOffsetX(xOffset);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pVisual->SetOffsetY(yOffset);
}
}
Étape 8 : Définir le visuel racine de l’arborescence visuelle
Définissez le visuel racine de l’arborescence visuelle en appelant la méthode IDCompositionTarget::SetRoot .
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the visual to be the root of the visual tree.
hr = m_pDCompTarget->SetRoot(pVisual);
}
Étape 9 : Valider la composition
Appelez la méthode IDCompositionDevice::Commit pour valider le lot de commandes sur DirectComposition pour traitement. La composition résultante s’affiche dans la fenêtre cible.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Commit the visual to be composed and displayed.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->Commit();
}
Étape 10 : Libérer les objets DirectComposition
Il est recommandé de libérer tous les objets visuels dès que vous n’en avez plus besoin. L’exemple suivant appelle la macro SafeRelease définie par l’application pour libérer l’objet visuel.
// Free the visual.
SafeRelease(&pVisual);
N’oubliez pas également de libérer l’objet DXGI, l’objet d’appareil et l’objet cible de composition avant la sortie de votre application.
SafeRelease(&pDXGIDevice);
SafeRelease(&m_pDCompDevice);
SafeRelease(&m_pDCompTarget);
SafeRelease(&m_pD3D11Device);
Exemple complet
//
// SimpleComposition.h
//
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
#pragma once
// Modify the following definitions if you need to target a platform prior to the ones specified below.
// Refer to MSDN for the latest info on corresponding values for different platforms.
#ifndef WINVER // Allow use of features specific to Windows 7 or later.
#define WINVER 0x0700 // Change this to the appropriate value to target other versions of Windows.
#endif
#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT // Allow use of features specific to Windows 7 or later.
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0700 // Change this to the appropriate value to target other versions of Windows.
#endif
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used items from Windows headers
// Windows Header Files:
#include <windows.h>
// C RunTime Header Files
#include <math.h>
// DirectComposition Header Files
#include <dcomp.h>
// Direct3D Header Files
#include <d3d11.h>
/******************************************************************
* *
* Macros *
* *
******************************************************************/
template<class Interface>
inline void
SafeRelease(
Interface **ppInterfaceToRelease
)
{
if (*ppInterfaceToRelease != NULL)
{
(*ppInterfaceToRelease)->Release();
(*ppInterfaceToRelease) = NULL;
}
}
#ifndef HINST_THISCOMPONENT
EXTERN_C IMAGE_DOS_HEADER __ImageBase;
#define HINST_THISCOMPONENT ((HINSTANCE)&__ImageBase)
#endif
/******************************************************************
* *
* DemoApp *
* *
******************************************************************/
class DemoApp
{
public:
DemoApp();
~DemoApp();
HRESULT Initialize();
void RunMessageLoop();
private:
HRESULT InitializeDirectCompositionDevice();
HRESULT CreateResources();
void DiscardResources();
HRESULT OnClientClick();
HRESULT LoadResourceGDIBitmap(
PCWSTR resourceName,
HBITMAP &hbmp
);
HRESULT MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap,
IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface);
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
HWND hWnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam
);
private:
HWND m_hwnd;
HBITMAP m_hBitmap;
ID3D11Device *m_pD3D11Device;
IDCompositionDevice *m_pDCompDevice;
IDCompositionTarget *m_pDCompTarget;
};
//
// SimpleComposition.cpp
//
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
// Instructions: Right-click in the client area to cause DirectCompostion
// to create a simple composition consisting of a single GDI bitmap.
#include "SimpleComposition.h"
/******************************************************************
* *
* The application entry point. *
* *
******************************************************************/
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE /* hInstance */,
HINSTANCE /* hPrevInstance */,
LPSTR /* lpCmdLine */,
int /* nCmdShow */
)
{
// Ignore the return value because we want to run the program even in the
// unlikely event that HeapSetInformation fails.
HeapSetInformation(NULL, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption, NULL, 0);
if (SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
{
DemoApp app;
if (SUCCEEDED(app.Initialize()))
{
app.RunMessageLoop();
}
}
CoUninitialize();
}
return 0;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* DemoApp::DemoApp constructor *
* *
* Initialize member data. *
* *
******************************************************************/
DemoApp::DemoApp() :
m_hwnd(NULL),
m_hBitmap(NULL),
m_pDCompDevice(nullptr),
m_pDCompTarget(nullptr),
m_pD3D11Device(nullptr)
{
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Release resources. *
* *
******************************************************************/
DemoApp::~DemoApp()
{
SafeRelease(&m_pDCompDevice);
SafeRelease(&m_pDCompTarget);
SafeRelease(&m_pD3D11Device);
}
/*******************************************************************
* *
* Create the application window. *
* *
*******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::Initialize()
{
HRESULT hr;
// Register the window class.
WNDCLASSEX wcex = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX) };
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = DemoApp::WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = sizeof(LONG_PTR);
wcex.hInstance = HINST_THISCOMPONENT;
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);;
wcex.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.lpszClassName = L"DirectCompDemoApp";
RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
// Create the application window.
//
// Because the CreateWindow function takes its size in pixels, we
// obtain the system DPI and use it to scale the window size.
int dpiX = 0;
int dpiY = 0;
HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);
if (hdc)
{
dpiX = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSX);
dpiY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSY);
ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);
}
m_hwnd = CreateWindow(
L"DirectCompDemoApp",
L"DirectComposition Demo Application",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
static_cast<UINT>(ceil(640.f * dpiX / 96.f)),
static_cast<UINT>(ceil(480.f * dpiY / 96.f)),
NULL,
NULL,
HINST_THISCOMPONENT,
this
);
hr = m_hwnd ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(m_hwnd);
// Initialize DirectComposition resources, such as the
// device object and composition target object.
hr = InitializeDirectCompositionDevice();
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = CreateResources();
}
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method creates the DirectComposition device object and *
* and the composition target object. These objects endure for *
* the lifetime of the application. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::InitializeDirectCompositionDevice()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevelSupported;
// Create the D3D device object. The D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT
// flag enables rendering on surfaces using Direct2D.
hr = D3D11CreateDevice(
nullptr,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
NULL,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&m_pD3D11Device,
&featureLevelSupported,
nullptr);
IDXGIDevice *pDXGIDevice = nullptr;
// Check the result of calling D3D11CreateDriver.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DXGI device used to create bitmap surfaces.
hr = m_pD3D11Device->QueryInterface(&pDXGIDevice);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DirectComposition device object.
hr = DCompositionCreateDevice(pDXGIDevice,
__uuidof(IDCompositionDevice),
reinterpret_cast<void **>(&m_pDCompDevice));
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the composition target object based on the
// specified application window.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateTargetForHwnd(m_hwnd, TRUE, &m_pDCompTarget);
}
SafeRelease(&pDXGIDevice);
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method creates the GDI bitmap that the application gives *
* to DirectComposition to be composed. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::CreateResources()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
hr = LoadResourceGDIBitmap(L"Logo", m_hBitmap);
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Discard device-specific resources. *
* *
******************************************************************/
void DemoApp::DiscardResources()
{
DeleteObject(m_hBitmap);
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* The main window's message loop. *
* *
******************************************************************/
void DemoApp::RunMessageLoop()
{
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Called whenever the user clicks in client area of the main *
* window. This method builds a simple visual tree and passes it *
* to DirectComposition.
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::OnClientClick()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
float xOffset = 20; // horizonal position of visual
float yOffset = 20; // vertical position of visual
IDCompositionVisual *pVisual = nullptr;
// Create a visual object.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateVisual(&pVisual);
IDCompositionSurface *pSurface = nullptr;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create a composition surface and render a GDI bitmap
// to the surface.
hr = MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(m_hBitmap, &pSurface);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the bitmap content of the visual.
hr = pVisual->SetContent(pSurface);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the horizontal and vertical position of the visual relative
// to the upper-left corner of the composition target window.
hr = pVisual->SetOffsetX(xOffset);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = pVisual->SetOffsetY(yOffset);
}
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the visual to be the root of the visual tree.
hr = m_pDCompTarget->SetRoot(pVisual);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Commit the visual to be composed and displayed.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->Commit();
}
// Free the visual.
SafeRelease(&pVisual);
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* The window's message handler. *
* *
******************************************************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK DemoApp::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
LRESULT result = 0;
if (message == WM_CREATE)
{
LPCREATESTRUCT pcs = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam;
DemoApp *pDemoApp = (DemoApp *)pcs->lpCreateParams;
::SetWindowLongPtrW(
hwnd,
GWLP_USERDATA,
PtrToUlong(pDemoApp)
);
result = 1;
}
else
{
DemoApp *pDemoApp = reinterpret_cast<DemoApp *>(static_cast<LONG_PTR>(
::GetWindowLongPtrW(
hwnd,
GWLP_USERDATA
)));
bool wasHandled = false;
if (pDemoApp)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
{
pDemoApp->OnClientClick();
}
wasHandled = true;
result = 0;
break;
case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE:
{
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE);
}
wasHandled = true;
result = 0;
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
pDemoApp->DiscardResources();
}
wasHandled = true;
result = 1;
break;
}
}
if (!wasHandled)
{
result = DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
return result;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method loads the specified GDI bitmap from the *
* application resources, creates a new bitmap that is in a *
* format that DirectComposition can use, and copies the contents *
* of the original bitmap to the new bitmap. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::LoadResourceGDIBitmap(PCWSTR resourceName, HBITMAP &hbmp)
{
hbmp = static_cast<HBITMAP>(LoadImageW(HINST_THISCOMPONENT, resourceName,
IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_DEFAULTCOLOR));
return hbmp ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
}
// MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface - Creates a DirectComposition surface and
// copies the bitmap to the surface.
//
// Parameters:
// hBitmap - a GDI bitmap.
// ppSurface - the composition surface object.
//
HRESULT DemoApp::MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap,
IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
int bitmapWidth = 0;
int bitmapHeight = 0;
int bmpSize = 0;
BITMAP bmp = { };
HBITMAP hBitmapOld = NULL;
HDC hSurfaceDC = NULL;
HDC hBitmapDC = NULL;
IDXGISurface1 *pDXGISurface = nullptr;
IDCompositionSurface *pDCSurface = nullptr;
POINT pointOffset = { };
if (ppSurface == nullptr)
return E_INVALIDARG;
// Get information about the bitmap.
bmpSize = GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
hr = bmpSize ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Save the bitmap dimensions.
bitmapWidth = bmp.bmWidth;
bitmapHeight = bmp.bmHeight;
// Create a DirectComposition-compatible surface that is the same size
// as the bitmap. The DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM flag is required for
// rendering on the surface using GDI via GetDC.
hr = m_pDCompDevice->CreateSurface(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight,
DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE, &pDCSurface);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Begin rendering to the surface.
hr = pDCSurface->BeginDraw(NULL, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1),
reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDXGISurface), &pointOffset);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Get the device context (DC) for the surface.
hr = pDXGISurface->GetDC(FALSE, &hSurfaceDC);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create a compatible DC and select the surface
// into the DC.
hBitmapDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hSurfaceDC);
if (hBitmapDC != NULL)
{
hBitmapOld = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmap);
BitBlt(hSurfaceDC, pointOffset.x, pointOffset.y,
bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight, hBitmapDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
if (hBitmapOld)
{
SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmapOld);
}
DeleteDC(hBitmapDC);
}
pDXGISurface->ReleaseDC(NULL);
}
// End the rendering.
pDCSurface->EndDraw();
*ppSurface = pDCSurface;
// Call an application-defined macro to free the surface pointer.
SafeRelease(&pDXGISurface);
return hr;
}
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