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gRPC JSON transcoding documentation with Swagger / OpenAPI

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Note

This isn't the latest version of this article. For the current release, see the .NET 9 version of this article.

Warning

This version of ASP.NET Core is no longer supported. For more information, see .NET and .NET Core Support Policy. For the current release, see the .NET 8 version of this article.

Important

This information relates to a pre-release product that may be substantially modified before it's commercially released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.

For the current release, see the .NET 9 version of this article.

By James Newton-King

OpenAPI (Swagger) is a language-agnostic specification for describing REST APIs. gRPC JSON transcoding supports generating OpenAPI from transcoded RESTful APIs. The Microsoft.AspNetCore.Grpc.Swagger package:

  • Integrates gRPC JSON transcoding with Swashbuckle.
  • Is experimental in .NET 7 to allow us to explore the best way to provide OpenAPI support.

Get started

To enable OpenAPI with gRPC JSON transcoding:

  1. Add a package reference to Microsoft.AspNetCore.Grpc.Swagger. The version must be 0.3.0-xxx or later.
  2. Configure Swashbuckle in startup. The AddGrpcSwagger method configures Swashbuckle to include gRPC endpoints.
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddGrpc().AddJsonTranscoding();
builder.Services.AddGrpcSwagger();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
{
    c.SwaggerDoc("v1",
        new OpenApiInfo { Title = "gRPC transcoding", Version = "v1" });
});

var app = builder.Build();
app.UseSwagger();
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "My API V1");
    });
}
app.MapGrpcService<GreeterService>();

app.Run();

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Add OpenAPI descriptions from .proto comments

Generate OpenAPI descriptions from comments in the .proto contract, as in the following example:

// My amazing greeter service.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting.
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
      get: "/v1/greeter/{name}"
    };
  }
}

message HelloRequest {
  // Name to say hello to.
  string name = 1;
}
message HelloReply {
  // Hello reply message.
  string message = 1;
}

To enable gRPC OpenAPI comments:

  1. Enable the XML documentation file in the server project with <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>.
  2. Configure AddSwaggerGen to read the generated XML file. Pass the XML file path to IncludeXmlComments and IncludeGrpcXmlComments, as in the following example:
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
{
    c.SwaggerDoc("v1",
        new OpenApiInfo { Title = "gRPC transcoding", Version = "v1" });

    var filePath = Path.Combine(System.AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Server.xml");
    c.IncludeXmlComments(filePath);
    c.IncludeGrpcXmlComments(filePath, includeControllerXmlComments: true);
});

To confirm that Swashbuckle is generating OpenAPI with descriptions for the RESTful gRPC services, start the app and navigate to the Swagger UI page:

Swagger UI

Additional resources