GetProcessSample05 Sample
This sample shows a complete version of the Get-Proc cmdlet.
How to build the sample using Visual Studio.
Open Windows Explorer and navigate to the GetProcessSample05 directory under the Samples directory.
With the Windows PowerShell 2.0 SDK installed, navigate to the GetProcessSample05 folder. The default location is
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0\Samples\sysmgmt\WindowsPowerShell\csharp\GetProcessSample05.Double-click the icon for the solution (.sln) file. This opens the sample project in Visual Studio.
In the Build menu, select Build Solution to build the library for the sample in the default
\binor\bin\debugfolders.
How to run the sample
Create the following module folder:
[user]\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\GetProcessSample05Copy the sample assembly to the module folder.
Start Windows PowerShell.
Run the following command to load the assembly into Windows PowerShell:
Import-Module getprossessample05Run the following command to run the cmdlet:
get-proc
Requirements
This sample requires Windows PowerShell 2.0.
Demonstrates
This sample demonstrates the following.
Declaring a cmdlet class using the Cmdlet attribute.
Declaring a cmdlet parameter using the Parameter attribute.
Specifying positions for parameters.
Specifying that parameters can take input from the pipeline. The input can be taken from an object or a value from a property of an object whose property name is the same as the parameter name.
Declaring a validation attribute for the parameter input.
Handling errors and exceptions.
Writing debug messages.
Example
This sample shows how to create a cmdlet that displays a list of specified processes.
namespace Microsoft.Samples.PowerShell.Commands
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Management.Automation; // Windows PowerShell namespace.
using System.Security.Permissions;
using Win32Exception = System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception;
#region GetProcCommand
/// <summary>
/// This class implements the get-proc cmdlet.
/// </summary>
[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Proc",
DefaultParameterSetName = "ProcessName")]
public class GetProcCommand : PSCmdlet
{
#region Fields
/// <summary>
/// The names of the processes to act on.
/// </summary>
private string[] processNames;
/// <summary>
/// The identifiers of the processes to act on.
/// </summary>
private int[] processIds;
/// <summary>
/// The process objects to act on.
/// </summary>
private Process[] inputObjects;
#endregion Fields
#region Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the list of process names on
/// which the Get-Proc cmdlet will work.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
Position = 0,
ParameterSetName = "ProcessName",
ValueFromPipeline = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty]
public string[] Name
{
get { return this.processNames; }
set { this.processNames = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the list of process identifiers on
/// which the Get-Proc cmdlet will work.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "Id",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true,
HelpMessage = "The unique id of the process to get.")]
public int[] Id
{
get { return this.processIds; }
set { this.processIds = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets Process objects directly. If the input is a
/// stream of [collection of] Process objects, the cmdlet bypasses the
/// ProcessName and Id parameters and reads the Process objects
/// directly. This allows the cmdlet to deal with processes that have
/// wildcard characters in their name.
/// <value>Process objects</value>
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "InputObject",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true)]
public Process[] Input
{
get { return this.inputObjects; }
set { this.inputObjects = value; }
}
#endregion Parameters
#region Cmdlet Overrides
/// <summary>
/// The ProcessRecord method calls the Process.GetProcesses
/// method to retrieve the processes. Then, the WriteObject
/// method writes the associated processes to the pipeline.
/// </summary>
protected override void ProcessRecord()
{
List<Process> matchingProcesses;
WriteDebug("Obtaining the list of matching process objects.");
switch (ParameterSetName)
{
case "Id":
matchingProcesses = this.GetMatchingProcessesById();
break;
case "ProcessName":
matchingProcesses = this.GetMatchingProcessesByName();
break;
case "InputObject":
matchingProcesses = this.GetProcessesByInput();
break;
default:
ThrowTerminatingError(
new ErrorRecord(
new ArgumentException("Bad ParameterSetName"),
"UnableToAccessProcessList",
ErrorCategory.InvalidOperation,
null));
return;
} // switch (ParameterSetName)
WriteDebug("Outputting the matching process objects.");
matchingProcesses.Sort(ProcessComparison);
foreach (Process process in matchingProcesses)
{
WriteObject(process);
}
} // ProcessRecord
#endregion Overrides
#region protected Methods and Data
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the ProcessName
/// parameter and generates a non-terminating error for each
/// specified process name which is not found even though the name
/// contains no wildcards.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The matching processes.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetMatchingProcessesByName()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> allProcesses =
new List<Process>(Process.GetProcesses());
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of
// processes that are already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null == this.processNames)
{
matchingProcesses.AddRange(allProcesses);
}
else
{
foreach (string pattern in this.processNames)
{
WriteVerbose("Finding matches for process name \""
+ pattern + "\".");
// WildCard search on the available processes
WildcardPattern wildcard =
new WildcardPattern(
pattern,
WildcardOptions.IgnoreCase);
bool found = false;
foreach (Process process in allProcesses)
{
if (!keys.ContainsKey(process.Id))
{
string processName = SafeGetProcessName(process);
// Remove the process from the allProcesses list
// so that it is not tested again.
if (processName.Length == 0)
{
allProcesses.Remove(process);
}
// Perform a wildcard search on this particular
// process name and check whether it matches the
// pattern specified.
if (!wildcard.IsMatch(processName))
{
continue;
}
WriteDebug("Found matching process id "
+ process.Id + ".");
// A match is found.
found = true;
// Store the process identifier so that the same process
// is not added twice.
keys.Add(process.Id, 0);
// Add the process to the processes list.
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
}
} // foreach (Process...
if (!found &&
!WildcardPattern.ContainsWildcardCharacters(pattern))
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(
new ArgumentException("Cannot find process name "
+ "\"" + pattern + "\"."),
"ProcessNameNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
pattern));
}
} // foreach (string...
} // if (null...
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetMatchingProcessesByName
/// <summary>
/// Returns the name of a process. If an error occurs, a blank
/// string is returned.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="process">The process whose name is
/// returned.</param>
/// <returns>The name of the process.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted = true)]
protected static string SafeGetProcessName(Process process)
{
new EnvironmentPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
string name = String.Empty;
if (process != null)
{
try
{
return process.ProcessName;
}
catch (Win32Exception)
{
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
}
}
return name;
} // SafeGetProcessName
#endregion Cmdlet Overrides
#region Private Methods
/// <summary>
/// Function to sort by process name first, and then by
/// the process identifier.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">First process object.</param>
/// <param name="y">Second process object.</param>
/// <returns>
/// Returns less than zero if x is less than y,
/// greater than 0 if x is greater than y, and 0 if x == y.
/// </returns>
private static int ProcessComparison(Process x, Process y)
{
int diff = String.Compare(
SafeGetProcessName(x),
SafeGetProcessName(y),
StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
if (0 != diff)
{
return diff;
}
else
{
return x.Id.CompareTo(y.Id);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the Id
/// parameter and generates a non-terminating error for
/// each specified process identifier which is not found.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// An array of processes that match the given identifier.
/// </returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetMatchingProcessesById()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null != this.processIds)
{
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of the
// processes already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
foreach (int processId in this.processIds)
{
WriteVerbose("Finding match for process id "
+ processId + ".");
if (!keys.ContainsKey(processId))
{
Process process;
try
{
process = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
}
catch (ArgumentException ex)
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(
ex,
"ProcessIdNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
processId));
continue;
}
WriteDebug("Found matching process.");
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
keys.Add(processId, 0);
}
}
}
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetMatchingProcessesById
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the InputObject
/// parameter.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The matching processes.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetProcessesByInput()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null != this.Input)
{
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of the
// processes already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
foreach (Process process in this.Input)
{
WriteVerbose("Refreshing process object.");
if (!keys.ContainsKey(process.Id))
{
try
{
process.Refresh();
}
catch (Win32Exception)
{
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
}
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
}
}
}
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetProcessesByInput
#endregion Private Methods
} // End GetProcCommand class.
#endregion GetProcCommand
}
See Also
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