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Securing End-to-End IPsec Connections by Using IKEv2 in Windows Server 2012

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Updated: May 11, 2016

Applies To: Windows Server 2012

In Windows Server 2012, Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) support is broadened from previous Windows versions.

For example, in Windows Server 2012, IKEv2 does the following:

  • Supports additional scenarios, including IPsec end-to-end transport mode connections

  • Provides interoperability for Windows with other operating systems that use IKEv2 for end-to-end security

  • Supports Suite B (RFC 4869) requirements

  • Coexists with existing policies that deploy AuthIP/IKEv1

  • Uses the Windows PowerShell interface exclusively for configuration. You cannot configure IKEv2 through the user interface.

  • Uses certificates for the authentication mechanism

In Windows Server 2008 R2, IKEv2 is available as a virtual private network (VPN) tunneling protocol that supports automatic VPN reconnection. IKEv2 allows the security association to remain unchanged despite changes in the underlying connection.

Note

This topic includes sample Windows PowerShell cmdlets. For more information, see How to Run a Windows PowerShell Cmdlet.

Prerequisites

These procedures assume that you already have a public key infrastructure (PKI) in place for computer authentication.

Computers joined to a domain

The following Windows PowerShell script establishes a connection security rule that uses IKEv2 for communication between two computers (CLIENT1 and SERVER1) that are joined to the corp.contoso.com domain as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The Contoso corporate network

This script does the following:

  • Creates a security group called IPsec client and servers and adds CLIENT1 and SERVER1 as members.

  • Creates a Group Policy Object (GPO) called IPsecRequireInRequestOut and links it to the corp.contoso.com domain.

  • Sets the permissions to the GPO so that they apply only to the computers in IPsec client and servers and not to Authenticated Users.

  • Indicates the certificate to use for authentication.

    Important

    The certificate parameters that you specify for the certificate are case sensitive, so make sure that you type them exactly as specified in the certificate, and place the parameters in the exact order that you see in the following example. Failure to do so will result in connection errors.

  • Creates the IKEv2 connection security rule called My IKEv2 Rule.

Windows PowerShell commands

Type each cmdlet on a single line, even though they may appear to wrap across several lines because of formatting constraints.

# Create a Security Group for the computers that will get the policy
$pathname = (Get-ADDomain).distinguishedname
New-ADGroup -name "IPsec client and servers" -SamAccountName "IPsec client and servers" `
-GroupCategory security -GroupScope Global -path $pathname

# Add test computers to the Security Group
$computer = Get-ADComputer -LDAPFilter "(name=client1)"
Add-ADGroupMember -Identity "IPsec client and servers" -Members $computer
$computer = Get-ADComputer -LDAPFilter "(name=server1)"
Add-ADGroupMember -Identity "IPsec client and servers" -Members $computer

# Create and link the GPO to the domain 
$gpo = New-gpo IPsecRequireInRequestOut
$gpo | new-gplink -target "dc=corp,dc=contoso,dc=com" -LinkEnabled Yes

# Set permissions to security group for the GPO
$gpo | Set-GPPermissions -TargetName "IPsec client and servers" -TargetType Group -PermissionLevel GpoApply -Replace
$gpo | Set-GPPermissions -TargetName "Authenticated Users" -TargetType Group -PermissionLevel None -Replace

#Set up the certificate for authentication
$gponame = "corp.contoso.com\IPsecRequireInRequestOut" 
$certprop = New-NetIPsecAuthProposal -machine -cert -Authority "DC=com, DC=contoso, DC=corp, CN=corp-APP1-CA"
$myauth = New-NetIPsecPhase1AuthSet -DisplayName "IKEv2TestPhase1AuthSet" -proposal $certprop –PolicyStore GPO:$gponame

#Create the IKEv2 Connection Security rule
New-NetIPsecRule  -DisplayName "My IKEv2 Rule" -RemoteAddress any -Phase1AuthSet $myauth.InstanceID `
-InboundSecurity Require -OutboundSecurity Request -KeyModule IKEv2 -PolicyStore GPO:$gponame

Computers not joined to a domain

Use a Windows PowerShell script similar to the following to create a local IPsec policy on the computers that you want to include in the secure connection.

Important

The certificate parameters that you specify for the certificate are case sensitive, so make sure that you type them exactly as specified in the certificate, and place the parameters in the exact order that you see in the following example. Failure to do so will result in connection errors.

Windows PowerShell commands

Type each cmdlet on a single line, even though they may appear to wrap across several lines because of formatting constraints.

#Set up the certificate
$certprop = New-NetIPsecAuthProposal -machine -cert -Authority "DC=com, DC=contoso, DC=corp, CN=corp-APP1-CA"
$myauth = New-NetIPsecPhase1AuthSet -DisplayName "IKEv2TestPhase1AuthSet" -proposal $certprop

#Create the IKEv2 Connection Security rule
New-NetIPsecRule  -DisplayName "My IKEv2 Rule" -RemoteAddress any -Phase1AuthSet $myauth.InstanceID `
-InboundSecurity Require -OutboundSecurity Request -KeyModule IKEv2

Make sure that you install the required certificates on the participating computers.

Note

For local computers, you can import the certificates manually if you have administrator access to the computer. For more information, see Import or export certificates and private keys. You need a root certificate and a computer certificate on all computers that participate in the secure connection. Save the computer certificate in the Personal/Certificates folder. For remote computers, you can create a secure website to facilitate access to the script and certificates.

Troubleshooting

Follow these procedures to verify and troubleshoot your IKEv2 IPsec connections:

Use the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security snap-in to verify that a connection security rule is enabled.

  1. On the Start screen, type wf.msc, and then press ENTER.

  2. In the left pane of the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security snap-in, click Connection Security Rules, and then verify that there is an enabled connection security rule.

  3. Expand Monitoring, and then click Connection Security Rules to verify that your IKEv2 rule is active for your currently active profile.

Use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to display the security associations.

  1. Open a Windows PowerShell command prompt.

  2. Type get-NetIPsecQuickModeSA to display the Quick Mode security associations.

  3. Type get-NetIPsecMainModeSA to display the Main Mode security associations.

Use netsh to capture IPsec events.

  1. Open an elevated command prompt.

  2. At the command prompt, type netsh wfp capture start.

  3. Reproduce the error event so that it can be captured.

  4. At the command prompt, type netsh wfp capture stop.

    A wfpdiag.cab file is created in the current folder.

  5. Open the cab file, and then extract the wfpdiag.xml file.

  6. Open the wfpdiag.xml file with your an XML viewer program or Notepad, and then examine the contents. There will be a lot of data in this file. One way to narrow down where to start looking is to search the last “errorFrequencyTable” at the end of the file. There might be many instances of this table, so make sure that you look at the last table in the file. For example, if you have a certificate problem, you might see the following entry in the last table at the end of the file:

    <item><error>ERROR_IPSEC_IKE_NO_CERT</error>
<frequency>32</frequency>
</item>

    In this example, there are 32 instances of the ERROR_IPSEC_IKE_NO_CERT error. So now you can search for ERROR_IPSEC_IKE_NO_CERT to get more details regarding this error.

You might not find the exact answer for the issue, but you can find good hints. For example, you might find that there seems to be an issue with the certificates, so you can look at your certificates and the related cmdlets for possible issues.

See also