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sp_indexoption (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server

Sets locking option values for user-defined clustered and nonclustered indexes or tables with no clustered index.

The SQL Server Database Engine automatically makes choices of page-, row-, or table-level locking. You don't have to set these options manually. sp_indexoption is provided for expert users who know with certainty that a particular type of lock is always appropriate.

Important

This feature will be removed in a future version of SQL Server. Avoid using this feature in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use this feature. Instead, use ALTER INDEX.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

sp_indexoption
    [ @IndexNamePattern = ] N'IndexNamePattern'
    , [ @OptionName = ] 'OptionName'
    , [ @OptionValue = ] 'OptionValue'
[ ; ]

Arguments

[ @IndexNamePattern = ] N'IndexNamePattern'

The qualified or nonqualified name of a user-defined table or index. @IndexNamePattern is nvarchar(1035), with no default. Quotation marks are required only if a qualified index or table name is specified. If a fully qualified table name, including a database name, is provided, the database name must be the name of the current database. If a table name is specified with no index, the specified option value is set for all indexes on that table and the table itself if no clustered index exists.

[ @OptionName = ] 'OptionName'

An index option name. @OptionName is varchar(35), and can be one of the following values.

Value Description
AllowRowLocks When TRUE, row locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when row locks are used. When FALSE, row locks aren't used. The default is TRUE.
AllowPageLocks When TRUE, page locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when page locks are used. When FALSE, page locks aren't used. The default is TRUE.
DisAllowRowLocks When TRUE, row locks aren't used. When FALSE, row locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when row locks are used.
DisAllowPageLocks When TRUE, page locks aren't used. When FALSE, page locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when page locks are used.

[ @OptionValue = ] 'OptionValue'

Specifies whether the @OptionName setting is enabled (TRUE, ON, yes, or 1) or disabled (FALSE, OFF, no, or 0). @OptionValue is varchar(12), with no default.

Return code values

0 (success) or > 0 (failure).

Remarks

XML indexes aren't supported. If an XML index is specified, or a table name is specified with no index name and the table contains an XML index, the statement fails. To set these options, use ALTER INDEX instead.

To display the current row and page locking properties, use INDEXPROPERTY or the sys.indexes catalog view.

  • Row-level, page-level, and table-level locks are allowed when accessing the index when AllowRowLocks = TRUE or DisAllowRowLocks = FALSE, and AllowPageLocks = TRUE or DisAllowPageLocks = FALSE. The Database Engine chooses the appropriate lock and can escalate the lock from a row or page lock to a table lock.

Only a table-level lock is allowed when accessing the index when AllowRowLocks = FALSE or DisAllowRowLocks = TRUE and AllowPageLocks = FALSE or DisAllowPageLocks = TRUE.

If a table name is specified with no index, the settings are applied to all indexes on that table. When the underlying table has no clustered index (that is, it's a heap) the settings are applied as follows:

  • When AllowRowLocks or DisAllowRowLocks are set to TRUE or FALSE, the setting is applied to the heap and any associated nonclustered indexes.

  • When AllowPageLocks option is set to TRUE or DisAllowPageLocks is set to FALSE, the setting is applied to the heap and any associated nonclustered indexes.

  • When AllowPageLocks option is set FALSE or DisAllowPageLocks is set to TRUE, the setting is fully applied to the nonclustered indexes. That is, all page locks are disallowed on the nonclustered indexes. On the heap, only the shared (S), update (U), and exclusive (X) locks for the page are disallowed. The Database Engine can still acquire an intent page lock (IS, IU or IX) for internal purposes.

Permissions

Requires ALTER permission on the table.

Examples

A. Set an option on a specific index

The following example disallows page locks on the IX_Customer_TerritoryID index on the Customer table.

USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO

EXEC sp_indexoption N'Sales.Customer.IX_Customer_TerritoryID',
    N'disallowpagelocks',
    TRUE;

B. Set an option on all indexes on a table

The following example disallows row locks on all indexes associated with the Product table. The sys.indexes catalog view is queried before and after executing the sp_indexoption procedure to show the results of the statement.

USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO

--Display the current row and page lock options for all indexes on the table.
SELECT name,
    type_desc,
    allow_row_locks,
    allow_page_locks
FROM sys.indexes
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'Production.Product');
GO

-- Set the disallowrowlocks option on the Product table.
EXEC sp_indexoption N'Production.Product',
    N'disallowrowlocks',
    TRUE;
GO

--Verify the row and page lock options for all indexes on the table.
SELECT name,
    type_desc,
    allow_row_locks,
    allow_page_locks
FROM sys.indexes
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'Production.Product');
GO

C. Set an option on a table with no clustered index

The following example disallows page locks on a table with no clustered index (a heap). The sys.indexes catalog view is queried before and after the sp_indexoption procedure is executed to show the results of the statement.

USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO

--Display the current row and page lock options of the table.
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS [Table],
    type_desc,
    allow_row_locks,
    allow_page_locks
FROM sys.indexes
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(object_id) = N'DatabaseLog';
GO

-- Set the disallowpagelocks option on the table.
EXEC sp_indexoption DatabaseLog,
    N'disallowpagelocks',
    TRUE;
GO

--Verify the row and page lock settings of the table.
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS [Table],
    allow_row_locks,
    allow_page_locks
FROM sys.indexes
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(object_id) = N'DatabaseLog';
GO

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