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Modify a partition function

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance

You can change the way a table or index is partitioned in SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Managed Instance by adding or subtracting the number of partitions specified, in increments of 1, in the partition function of the partitioned table or index by using Transact-SQL. When you add a partition, you do so by "splitting" an existing partition into two partitions and redefining the boundaries of the new partitions. When you drop a partition, you do so by "merging" the boundaries of two partitions into one. This last action repopulates one partition and leaves the other partition unassigned. Review best practices before modifying a partition function.

Caution

More than one table or index can use the same partition function. When you modify a partition function, you affect all of them in a single transaction. Check the partition function's dependencies before modifying it.

Table partitioning is also available in dedicated SQL pools in Azure Synapse Analytics, with some syntax differences. Learn more in Partitioning tables in dedicated SQL pool.

Limitations

  • ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION can only be used for splitting one partition into two, or for merging two partitions into one. To change the way a table or index is partitioned (from 10 partitions to 5, for example), you can use any one of the following options:

    • Create a new partitioned table with the desired partition function, and then insert the data from the old table into the new table by using either an INSERT INTO ... SELECT FROM Transact-SQL statement or the Manage Partition Wizard in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS).

    • Create a partitioned clustered index on a heap.

      Note

      Dropping a partitioned clustered index results in a partitioned heap.

    • Drop and rebuild an existing partitioned index by using the Transact-SQL CREATE INDEX statement with the DROP EXISTING = ON clause.

    • Perform a sequence of ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION statements.

  • The database engine does not provide replication support for modifying a partition function. If you want to make changes to a partition function in the publication database, you must do this manually in the subscription database.

  • All filegroups that are affected by ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION must be online.

Permissions

Any one of the following permissions can be used to execute ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION:

  • ALTER ANY DATASPACE permission. This permission defaults to members of the sysadmin fixed server role and the db_owner and db_ddladmin fixed database roles.

  • CONTROL or ALTER permission on the database in which the partition function was created.

  • CONTROL SERVER or ALTER ANY DATABASE permission on the server of the database in which the partition function was created.

Query partitioned objects in a database

The following query lists all partitioned objects in a database. This can be used to check the dependencies for a partition function before modifying it.

SELECT 
	PF.name AS PartitionFunction,
	ds.name AS PartitionScheme,
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(si.object_id) as SchemaName,
	OBJECT_NAME(si.object_id) AS PartitionedTable, 
	si.name as IndexName
FROM sys.indexes AS si
JOIN sys.data_spaces AS ds
	ON ds.data_space_id = si.data_space_id
JOIN sys.partition_schemes AS PS
	ON PS.data_space_id = si.data_space_id
JOIN sys.partition_functions AS PF
	ON PF.function_id = PS.function_id
WHERE ds.type = 'PS'
AND OBJECTPROPERTYEX(si.object_id, 'BaseType') = 'U'
ORDER BY PartitionFunction, PartitionScheme, SchemaName, PartitionedTable;

Split a partition with Transact-SQL

  1. In Object Explorer, connect to your target database.

  2. On the Standard bar, select New Query.

  3. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select Execute.

    This example:

    • Checks for a previous version of the partition function myRangePF1 and deletes it if it is found.
    • Creates a partition function called myRangePF1 that partitions a table into four partitions.
    • Splits the partition between boundary_values 100 and 1000 to create a partition between boundary_values 100 and 500 and a partition between boundary_values 500 and 1000.
    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.partition_functions  
    WHERE name = 'myRangePF1')  
    DROP PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1;  
GO

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1 (int)  
AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES ( 1, 100, 1000 );  
GO  

ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1 ()  
SPLIT RANGE (500);

Merge two partitions with Transact-SQL

  1. In Object Explorer, connect to your target database.

  2. On the Standard bar, select New Query.

  3. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select Execute.

    This example:

    • Checks if a previous version of the partition function myRangePF1 exists, and deletes it if it is found.
    • Creates a partition function called myRangePF1 with three boundary values, which will result in four partitions.
    • Merges the partition between boundary_values 1 and 100 with the partition between boundary_values 100 and 1,000.
    • This results in the partition function myRangePF1 having two boundary points, 1 and 1,000.
    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.partition_functions  
    WHERE name = 'myRangePF1')  
    DROP PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1;  
GO 

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1 (int)  
AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES ( 1, 100, 1000 );  
GO  

ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION myRangePF1 ()  
MERGE RANGE (100);

Delete a partition function with SSMS

  1. In Object Explorer, connect to your target database.

  2. Expand the database where you want to delete the partition function and then expand the Storage folder.

  3. Expand the Partition Functions folder.

  4. Right-click the partition function you want to delete and select Delete.

  5. In the Delete Object dialog box, ensure that the correct partition function is selected, and then select OK.

Next steps

Learn more about related concepts in the following articles: