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sp_tableoption (Transact-SQL)

Sets option values for user-defined tables. sp_tableoption can be used to control the in-row behavior of tables with varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), xml, text, ntext, image, or large user-defined type columns.

Important

The text in row feature will be removed in a future version of SQL Server. To store large value data, we recommend that you use of the varchar(max), nvarchar(max) and varbinary(max) data types.

Topic link iconTransact-SQL Syntax Conventions

Syntax

sp_tableoption [ @TableNamePattern = ] 'table' 
     , [ @OptionName = ] 'option_name' 
     ,[ @OptionValue =] 'value'

Arguments

  • [ @TableNamePattern =] 'table'
    Is the qualified or nonqualified name of a user-defined database table. If a fully qualified table name, including a database name, is provided, the database name must be the name of the current database. Table options for multiple tables can not be set at the same time. table is nvarchar(776), with no default.

  • [ @OptionName = ] 'option_name'
    Is a table option name. option_name is varchar(35), with no default of NULL. option_name can be one of the following values.

    Value

    Description

    table lock on bulk load

    When disabled (the default), it causes the bulk load process on user-defined tables to obtain row locks. When enabled, it causes the bulk load processes on user-defined tables to obtain a bulk update lock.

    insert row lock

    Not supported in SQL Server 2008.

    The locking strategy of SQL Server is row locking with possible promotion to page or table locking. This option has no effect on the locking behavior of SQL Server and is included only for compatibility of existing scripts and procedures.

    text in row

    When OFF or 0 (disabled, the default), it does not change current behavior, and there is no BLOB in row.

    When specified and @OptionValue is ON (enabled) or an integer value from 24 through 7000, new text, ntext, or image strings are stored directly in the data row. All existing BLOB (binary large object: text, ntext, or image data) will be changed to text in row format when the BLOB value is updated. For more information, see Remarks.

    large value types out of row

    1 = varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), xml and large user-defined type (UDT) columns in the table are stored out of row, with a 16-byte pointer to the root.

    0 = varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), xml and large UDT values are stored directly in the data row, up to a limit of 8000 bytes and as long as the value can fit in the record. If the value does not fit in the record, a pointer is stored in-row and the rest is stored out of row in the LOB storage space. 0 is the default value.

    vardecimal storage format

    When TRUE, ON, or 1, the designated table is enabled for vardecimal storage format. When FALSE, OFF, or 0, the table is not enabled for vardecimal storage format. Vardecimal storage format can be enabled only when the database has been enabled for vardecimal storage format by using sp_db_vardecimal_storage_format. For information about vardecimal storage format, see Storing Decimal Data As Variable Length. This option requires SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 2. Vardecimal storage format is available only in SQL Server Enterprise, Developer, and Evaluation editions. In SQL Server 2008 and later, all user databases are enabled for the vardecimal storage format. In SQL Server 2008 and later, vardecimal storage format is deprecated. Use ROW compression instead. For more information, see Creating Compressed Tables and Indexes. 0 is the default value.

  • [ @OptionValue =] 'value'
    Is whether the option_name is enabled (TRUE, ON, or 1) or disabled (FALSE, OFF, or 0). value is varchar(12), with no default. value is case insensitive.

    For the text in row option, valid option values are 0, ON, OFF, or an integer from 24 through 7000. When value is ON, the limit defaults to 256 bytes.

Return Code Values

0 (success) or error number (failure)

Remarks

sp_tableoption can be used only to set option values for user-defined tables. To display table properties, use OBJECTPROPERTY.

The text in row option in sp_tableoption can be enabled or disabled only on tables that contain text columns. If the table does not have a text column, SQL Server raises an error.

When the text in row option is enabled, the @OptionValue parameter allows users to specify the maximum size to be stored in a row for a BLOB. The default is 256 bytes, but values can range from 24 through 7000 bytes.

text, ntext, or image strings are stored in the data row if the following conditions apply:

  • text in row is enabled.

  • The length of the string is shorter than the limit specified in @OptionValue

  • There is enough space available in the data row.

When BLOB strings are stored in the data row, reading and writing the text, ntext, or image strings can be as fast as reading or writing character and binary strings. SQL Server does not have to access separate pages to read or write the BLOB string.

If a text, ntext, or image string is larger than the specified limit or the available space in the row, pointers are stored in the row instead. The conditions for storing the BLOB strings in the row nonetheless apply: There must be enough space in the data row to hold the pointers.

BLOB strings and pointers stored in the row of a table are treated similarly to variable-length strings. SQL Server uses only the number of bytes required to store the string or the pointer.

Existing BLOB strings are not converted immediately when text in row is first enabled. The strings are converted only when they are updated. Likewise, when the text in row option limit is increased, the text, ntext, or image strings already in the data row will not be converted to adhere to the new limit until the time they are updated.

Note

Disabling the text in row option or reducing the limit of the option will require the conversion of all BLOBs; therefore, the process can be long, depending on the number of BLOB strings that must be converted. The table is locked during the conversion process.

A table variable, including a function that returns a table variable, automatically has the text in row option enabled with a default inline limit of 256. This option cannot be changed.

text in row supports the TEXTPTR, WRITETEXT, UPDATETEXT, and READTEXT functions. Users can read parts of a BLOB with the SUBSTRING() function, but must remember that in-row text pointers have different duration and number limits from other text pointers. For more information, see Managing ntext, text, and image Data.

To change a table from vardecimal storage format back to the normal decimal storage format, the database must be in SIMPLE recovery mode. Changing the recovery mode will break the log chain for backup purposes, therefore you should create a full database backup after removing the vardecimal storage format from a table.

Permissions

To execute sp_tableoption requires ALTER permission on the table.

Examples

A. Storing xml data out of the row

The following example specifies that the xml data in the HumanResources.JobCandidate table be stored out of row.

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
EXEC sp_tableoption 'HumanResources.JobCandidate', 'large value types out of row', 1;

B. Enabling vardecimal storage format on a table

The following example modifies the Production.WorkOrderRouting table to store the decimal data type in the vardecimalstorage format.

USE master;
GO
-- The database must be enabled for vardecimal storage format
-- before a table can be enabled for vardecimal storage format
EXEC sp_db_vardecimal_storage_format 'AdventureWorks2008R2', 'ON';
GO
USE AdventureWorks2008R2;
GO
EXEC sp_tableoption 'Production.WorkOrderRouting', 
   'vardecimal storage format', 'ON';