Fixed Size Buffers (C# Programming Guide)

In C#, you can use the fixed statement to create a buffer with a fixed size array in a data structure. This is useful when you are working with existing code, such as code written in other languages, pre-existing DLLs or COM projects. The fixed array can take any attributes or modifiers that are allowed for regular struct members. The only restriction is that the array type must be bool, byte, char, short, int, long, sbyte, ushort, uint, ulong, float, or double.

private fixed char name[30];

Remarks

In early versions of C#, declaring a C++ style fixed-size structure was difficult because a C# struct that contains an array does not contain the array elements. Instead, the struct contains a reference to the elements.

C# 2.0 added the ability to embed an array of fixed size in a struct when it is used in an unsafe code block.

For example, before C# 2.0, the following struct would be 8 bytes in size where the pathName array is a reference to the heap-allocated array:

public struct MyArray
    {
        public char[] pathName;
        private int reserved;
    }

Beginning with C# 2.0, a struct can contain an embedded array. In the following example, the fixedBuffer array has a fixed size. To access the elements of the array, you use a fixed statement to establish a pointer to the first element. The fixed statement pins an instance of fixedBuffer to a specific location in memory.

namespace FixedSizeBuffers
{
    internal unsafe struct MyBuffer
    {
        public fixed char fixedBuffer[128];
    }

    internal unsafe class MyClass
    {
        public MyBuffer myBuffer = default(MyBuffer);
    }

    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            MyClass myC = new MyClass();

            unsafe
            {
                // Pin the buffer to a fixed location in memory. 
                fixed (char* charPtr = myC.myBuffer.fixedBuffer)
                {
                    *charPtr = 'A';
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

The size of the 128 element char array is 256 bytes. Fixed size char buffers always take two bytes per character, regardless of the encoding. This is true even when char buffers are marshaled to API methods or structs with CharSet = CharSet.Auto or CharSet = CharSet.Ansi. For more information, see CharSet.

Another common fixed-size array is the bool array. The elements in a bool array are always one byte in size. bool arrays are not appropriate for creating bit arrays or buffers.

Note

Except for memory created by using stackalloc, the C# compiler and the common language runtime (CLR) do not perform any security buffer overrun checks. As with all unsafe code, use caution.

Unsafe buffers differ from regular arrays in the following ways:

• You can only use unsafe buffers in an unsafe context.

• Unsafe buffers are always vectors, or one-dimensional arrays.

• The declaration of the array should include a count, such as char id[8]. You cannot use char id[] instead.

• Unsafe buffers can only be instance fields of structs in an unsafe context.

See Also

Concepts

C# Programming Guide

Reference

Unsafe Code and Pointers (C# Programming Guide)

fixed Statement (C# Reference)

Interoperability (C# Programming Guide)