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Edit SQLCMD Scripts with Query Editor

  • Cikk

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)

Using the Database Engine Query Editor in SQL Server Management Studio, you can write and edit queries as SQLCMD scripts. You use SQLCMD scripts when processing Windows System commands and Transact-SQL statements in the same script.

SQLCMD Mode

To use the Database Engine Query Editor to write or edit SQLCMD scripts, you must enable the SQLCMD scripting mode. By default, SQLCMD mode isn't allowed in the Query Editor. You can enable scripting mode by selecting the SQLCMD Mode icon in the toolbar or by selecting SQLCMD Mode from the Query menu.

Note

Enabling SQLCMD mode turns off IntelliSense and the Transact-SQL debugger in the Database Engine Query Editor.

SQLCMD scripts in the Query Editor can use the same features that all Transact-SQL scripts use. These features include the following:

  • Color coding
  • Executing scripts
  • Source control
  • Parsing scripts
  • Showplan

Enable SQLCMD scripting in Query Editor

To turn on SQLCMD scripting for an active Database Engine Query Editor window, use the following procedure.

Switch a database engine query editor window to SQLCMD mode

  1. In Object Explorer, right-click the server and then select New Query, to open a new Database Engine Query Editor window.

  2. On the Query menu, select SQLCMD Mode.

    The Query Editor executes SQLCMD statements in the context of the Query Editor.

  3. On the SQL Editor toolbar, in the Available Databases list, select AdventureWorks2022.

  4. In the Query Editor window, type the following Transact-SQL statements and the !!DIR SQLCMD statement:

    SELECT DISTINCT Type FROM Sales.SpecialOffer;
GO
!!DIR
GO
SELECT ProductCategoryID, Name FROM Production.ProductCategory;
GO

  5. Press F5 to execute the mixed Transact-SQL and MS-DOS statements section.

    Notice the two SQL result panes from the first and third statements.

  6. In the Results pane, select the Messages tab to see the messages from all three statements:

    • (6 row(s) affected)
    • <The directory information>
    • (4 row(s) affected)

Important

When executed from the command line, the sqlcmd utility permits full interaction with the operating system. When you use the Query Editor in SQLCMD Mode, you must be careful not to execute interactive statements. The Query Editor cannot respond to operating system prompts.

For more information about how to run SQLCMD, see sqlcmd utility, or take the SQLCMD tutorial.

Enable SQLCMD scripting by default

To turn on SQLCMD scripting by default, on the Tools menu, select Options, expand Query Execution, and SQL Server, select the General page and then check the By default open new queries in SQLCMD Mode box.

Write and edit SQLCMD scripts

After enabling scripting mode, you may write SQLCMD commands and Transact-SQL statements. The following rules apply:

  • SQLCMD commands must be the first statement on a line.

  • Only one SQLCMD command is permitted on each line.

  • SQLCMD commands can be preceded by comments or white space.

  • SQLCMD commands within comment characters aren't executed.

  • Single-line comment characters are two hyphens (--) and must appear at the beginning of a line.

  • Operating system commands must be preceded by two exclamation points (!!). The double-exclamation points command causes the statement that follows the exclamation points to be executed using the cmd.exe command processor. The text after !! is passed in as a parameter to cmd.exe, so the final command line will execute as: "%SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe /c <text after !!>".

  • To make a clear distinction between SQLCMD commands and Transact-SQL, all SQLCMD commands need to be prefixed with a colon (:).

  • The GO command may be used without preface or preceded by !!:

  • The Database Engine Query Editor supports environment variables and variables that are defined as part of a SQLCMD script, but doesn't support built-in SQLCMD or osql variables. SQLCMD processing by SQL Server Management Studio is case sensitive for variables. For example, PRINT '$(COMPUTERNAME)' produces the correct result, but PRINT '$(ComputerName)' returns an error.

Caution

SQL Server Management Studio uses Microsoft .NET FrameworkSqlClient for execution in regular and SQLCMD mode. When run from the command line, SQLCMD uses the OLE DB provider. Because different default options may apply, it is possible to get different behavior while executing the same query in SQL Server Management Studio SQLCMD Mode and in the SQLCMD utility.

Supported SQLCMD syntax

The Database Engine Query Editor supports the following SQLCMD script keywords:

  • [!!:]GO[count]
  • !! <command>
  • :exit(statement)
  • :Quit
  • :r <filename>
  • :setvar <var> <value>
  • :connect server[\instance] [-l login_timeout] [-U user [-P password]]
  • :on error [ignore|exit]
  • :error <filename>|stderr|stdout
  • :out <filename>|stderr|stdout

Note

Send output to the messages tab for both :error and :out, stderr and stdout.

SQLCMD commands not listed above aren't supported in Query Editor. When a script containing SQLCMD keywords aren't supported is executed, the Query Editor sends an "Ignoring command <ignored command>" message to the destination for each unsupported keyword. The script executes successfully, but the unsupported commands are ignored.

Caution

Because you are not starting SQLCMD from the command line, there are some limitations when running Query Editor in SQLCMD Mode. You cannot pass in command-line parameters such as variables, and, because the Query Editor cannot respond to operating system prompts, you must be careful not to execute interactive statements.

Color coding in SQLCMD scripts

With SQLCMD scripting enabled, scripts are color coded. The color coding for Transact-SQL keywords remain the same. SQLCMD commands are presented with a shaded background.

Example

The following example uses a SQLCMD statement to create an output file called testoutput.txt, executes two Transact-SQL SELECT statements along with one operating system command (to print the current directory). The resultant file contains the message output from the DIR statement and the results output from the Transact-SQL statements.

:out C:\testoutput.txt
SELECT @@VERSION As 'Server Version';
!!DIR
!!:GO
SELECT @@SERVERNAME AS 'Server Name';
GO

Next steps