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Preinstalling packaged apps

  • Cikk

There are multiple tools which can be used to install a packaged app to a device for all users:

  • Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM)
  • Provisioning Packages
  • PowerShell

This article will provide an overview of how preinstalled apps work and how provisioning and licenses work with preinstalled apps.

Overview

Preinstall of packaged app installations can be broken down into two steps:

  1. Staging
  2. Registration

Staging

Staging a packaged app to a device, is the act of storing a copy of the packaged app to the local file system. A packaged app must only be staged once, and can be performed without any user accounts existing on the device.

The staging of a packaged app can be performed on an offline image (.wim, .vhd, or .vhdx) or an online active operating system.

Registration

After a packaged app has been staged, the app can then be registered to users on the device. Registration occurs on a per-user basis, and begins when a user of the device logs on. The operating system will then load the preinstalled packaged app package creating user specific app data, create file type associations, and app tiles in the start menu. This accomplished by the App Rediness Service (ARS) which is aware of all pre-installed apps.

DISM

DISM is a command-line tool that can be used to service and prepare Windows images, including those used for Windows Pre-Execution (Win-PE), Recovery Environment (Win-RE), and Windows Setup. Dism can be used to service a Windows image (.wim) or virtual hard disks (.vhd, or .vhdx).

Provisioning packages

All app provisioning is encapsulated within the DISM tool, and it does both the staging and ARS setup. To do provisioning, the IT Pro needs an app package (.msix, .msixbundle, .appx or .appxbundle) and any dependency packages.

Beginning with Windows 10 1809, IT Pros can pre-install through provisioning. Provisioned apps will be installed to a central location: %ProgramFiles%\WindowsApps and will immediately be available to registered users. Only users with the MSIX app package registered to their account will have access to the app.

In Windows 10 2004, a provisioned packaged app will reinstall during re-provisioning. Prior versions of Windows 10 would prevent the reinstall of these packaged apps if the user had previously uninstalled the packaged app.

Force Provisioning

With regular provisioning, if a user removes an app, it cannot be reinstalled with an update. With force provisioning, an IT pro administrator can re-provision an app to be reinstalled for all users. This is triggered by running the Add-ProvisionedAppxPackage PowerShell command described below.

PowerShell

List of relevant PowerShell commands

  • Get-ProvisionedAppxPackages This will list all of the apps that are pre-installed on the image.
  • Add-ProvisionedAppxPackage This stages the appx package and configures it for pre-install. All dependencies must be provided as well, which can be found in the SDK or with store-downloaded packages.
  • Remove-ProvisionedAppxPackage This can be used to remove a pre-installed app. Note that it does not remove the app if it is already registered for any users - this only strips the auto-registration behavior so it will not be auto-installed for any new users. If no users have yet installed the app, this command will also remove the staged files.

Using the MSIX PowerShell cmdlets, to preinstall or provision a packaged app on a device you must use the MSIX app's Package Full Name. The Package Full Name is the full name of the package containing the package name, version, architecture, and publisher information. The following is an example of a Package Full Name: Contoso.ContosoApp_44.20231.1000.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe

Licensing

Licensing only applies when provisioning a Windows Store app. Any other apps can be provisioned without a license. If an app is from the Store a machine-license must also provided when the app is provisioned. At this time, all preinstall Windows Store apps must be free apps and configured to be pre-installable via the Windows Store Partner Center. Once it is configured the pre-installable package and license can be downloaded and then provisioned onto any image.