Membuat mesin virtual Windows dari templat Resource Manager
Berlaku untuk:✔️ ️ VM Windows
Pelajari cara membuat komputer virtual Windows dengan menggunakan templat Azure Resource Manager dan Azure PowerShell dari shell Azure Cloud. Templat yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menyebarkan satu komputer virtual yang menjalankan Windows Server dalam jaringan virtual baru dengan satu subnet. Untuk membuat komputer virtual Linux, lihat Cara membuat komputer virtual Linux dengan templat Azure Resource Manager.
Alternatifnya adalah menyebarkan templat dari portal Microsoft Azure. Untuk membuka templat di portal, pilih tombol Sebarkan ke Azure.
Membuat mesin virtual
Membuat komputer virtual Azure biasanya terdiri dari dua langkah:
- Buat grup sumber daya. Grup sumber daya Azure adalah kontainer logis tempat sumber daya Azure disebarkan dan dikelola. Grup sumber daya harus dibuat sebelum pembuatan komputer virtual.
- Membuat mesin virtual.
Contoh berikut membuat VM generasi 2 dengan Peluncuran Tepercaya yang diaktifkan secara default dari templat Mulai Cepat Azure. Berikut adalah salinan templat tersebut:
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"metadata": {
"_generator": {
"name": "bicep",
"version": "0.16.2.56959",
"templateHash": "14427937023370378081"
}
},
"parameters": {
"adminUsername": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"description": "Username for the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"adminPassword": {
"type": "securestring",
"minLength": 12,
"metadata": {
"description": "Password for the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"dnsLabelPrefix": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[toLower(format('{0}-{1}', parameters('vmName'), uniqueString(resourceGroup().id, parameters('vmName'))))]",
"metadata": {
"description": "Unique DNS Name for the Public IP used to access the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"publicIpName": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "myPublicIP",
"metadata": {
"description": "Name for the Public IP used to access the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"publicIPAllocationMethod": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Dynamic",
"allowedValues": [
"Dynamic",
"Static"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Allocation method for the Public IP used to access the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"publicIpSku": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Basic",
"allowedValues": [
"Basic",
"Standard"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "SKU for the Public IP used to access the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"OSVersion": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
"allowedValues": [
"2016-datacenter-gensecond",
"2016-datacenter-server-core-g2",
"2016-datacenter-server-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2016-datacenter-smalldisk-g2",
"2016-datacenter-with-containers-g2",
"2016-datacenter-zhcn-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-with-containers-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-with-containers-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-gensecond",
"2019-datacenter-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-with-containers-g2",
"2019-datacenter-with-containers-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-zhcn-g2",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-core",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-core-smalldisk",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-smalldisk",
"2022-datacenter-core-g2",
"2022-datacenter-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2022-datacenter-g2",
"2022-datacenter-smalldisk-g2"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "The Windows version for the VM. This will pick a fully patched image of this given Windows version."
}
},
"vmSize": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v5",
"metadata": {
"description": "Size of the virtual machine."
}
},
"location": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"metadata": {
"description": "Location for all resources."
}
},
"vmName": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "simple-vm",
"metadata": {
"description": "Name of the virtual machine."
}
},
"securityType": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "TrustedLaunch",
"allowedValues": [
"Standard",
"TrustedLaunch"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Security Type of the Virtual Machine."
}
}
},
"variables": {
"storageAccountName": "[format('bootdiags{0}', uniqueString(resourceGroup().id))]",
"nicName": "myVMNic",
"addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
"subnetName": "Subnet",
"subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
"virtualNetworkName": "MyVNET",
"networkSecurityGroupName": "default-NSG",
"securityProfileJson": {
"uefiSettings": {
"secureBootEnabled": true,
"vTpmEnabled": true
},
"securityType": "[parameters('securityType')]"
},
"extensionName": "GuestAttestation",
"extensionPublisher": "Microsoft.Azure.Security.WindowsAttestation",
"extensionVersion": "1.0",
"maaTenantName": "GuestAttestation",
"maaEndpoint": "[substring('emptyString', 0, 0)]"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
"apiVersion": "2022-05-01",
"name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard_LRS"
},
"kind": "Storage"
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2022-05-01",
"name": "[parameters('publicIpName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[parameters('publicIpSku')]"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "[parameters('publicIPAllocationMethod')]",
"dnsSettings": {
"domainNameLabel": "[parameters('dnsLabelPrefix')]"
}
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
"apiVersion": "2022-05-01",
"name": "[variables('networkSecurityGroupName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"securityRules": [
{
"name": "default-allow-3389",
"properties": {
"priority": 1000,
"access": "Allow",
"direction": "Inbound",
"destinationPortRange": "3389",
"protocol": "Tcp",
"sourcePortRange": "*",
"sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
"destinationAddressPrefix": "*"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"apiVersion": "2022-05-01",
"name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[variables('addressPrefix')]"
]
},
"subnets": [
{
"name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]",
"networkSecurityGroup": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('networkSecurityGroupName'))]"
}
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('networkSecurityGroupName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
"apiVersion": "2022-05-01",
"name": "[variables('nicName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "ipconfig1",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', parameters('publicIpName'))]"
},
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('virtualNetworkName'), variables('subnetName'))]"
}
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', parameters('publicIpName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
"apiVersion": "2022-03-01",
"name": "[parameters('vmName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"hardwareProfile": {
"vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
},
"osProfile": {
"computerName": "[parameters('vmName')]",
"adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
"adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
},
"storageProfile": {
"imageReference": {
"publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
"offer": "WindowsServer",
"sku": "[parameters('OSVersion')]",
"version": "latest"
},
"osDisk": {
"createOption": "FromImage",
"managedDisk": {
"storageAccountType": "StandardSSD_LRS"
}
},
"dataDisks": [
{
"diskSizeGB": 1023,
"lun": 0,
"createOption": "Empty"
}
]
},
"networkProfile": {
"networkInterfaces": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('nicName'))]"
}
]
},
"diagnosticsProfile": {
"bootDiagnostics": {
"enabled": true,
"storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName')), '2022-05-01').primaryEndpoints.blob]"
}
},
"securityProfile": "[if(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), variables('securityProfileJson'), null())]"
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('nicName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', variables('storageAccountName'))]"
]
},
{
"condition": "[and(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), and(equals(variables('securityProfileJson').uefiSettings.secureBootEnabled, true()), equals(variables('securityProfileJson').uefiSettings.vTpmEnabled, true())))]",
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions",
"apiVersion": "2022-03-01",
"name": "[format('{0}/{1}', parameters('vmName'), variables('extensionName'))]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"publisher": "[variables('extensionPublisher')]",
"type": "[variables('extensionName')]",
"typeHandlerVersion": "[variables('extensionVersion')]",
"autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
"enableAutomaticUpgrade": true,
"settings": {
"AttestationConfig": {
"MaaSettings": {
"maaEndpoint": "[variables('maaEndpoint')]",
"maaTenantName": "[variables('maaTenantName')]"
}
}
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines', parameters('vmName'))]"
]
}
],
"outputs": {
"hostname": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', parameters('publicIpName')), '2022-05-01').dnsSettings.fqdn]"
}
}
}
Untuk menjalankan skrip PowerShell, Pilih Coba untuk membuka Azure Cloud Shell. Untuk menempelkan skrip, klik kanan shell, lalu pilih Tempel:
$resourceGroupName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the Resource Group name"
$location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the location (i.e. centralus)"
$adminUsername = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the administrator username"
$adminPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the administrator password" -AsSecureString
$dnsLabelPrefix = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter an unique DNS name for the public IP"
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location "$location"
New-AzResourceGroupDeployment `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
-TemplateUri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/quickstarts/microsoft.compute/vm-simple-windows/azuredeploy.json" `
-adminUsername $adminUsername `
-adminPassword $adminPassword `
-dnsLabelPrefix $dnsLabelPrefix
(Get-AzVm -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName).name
Jika Anda memilih untuk memasang dan menggunakan PowerShell secara lokal alih-alih dari shell Azure Cloud, tutorial ini memerlukan modul Azure PowerShell. Jalankan Get-Module -ListAvailable Az untuk menemukan versinya. Jika Anda perlu peningkatan, lihat Instal modul Azure PowerShell. Jika Anda menjalankan PowerShell secara lokal, Anda juga harus menjalankan Connect-AzAccount untuk membuat koneksi dengan Azure.
Pada contoh sebelumnya, anda menentukan templat yang disimpan di GitHub. Anda juga dapat mengunduh atau membuat templat dan menentukan jalur lokal dengan parameter -template-file.
Berikut adalah beberapa sumber daya tambahan:
- Untuk mempelajari cara mengembangkan templat Azure Resource Manager, lihat dokumentasi Azure Resource Manager.
- Untuk melihat skema komputer virtual Azure, lihat referensi templat Azure.
- Untuk melihat sampel templat komputer virtual lainnya, lihat templat Mulai Cepat Azure.
Sambungkan ke komputer virtual
Perintah terakhir PowerShell dari skrip sebelumnya menunjukkan nama komputer virtual. Untuk menyambungkan ke komputer virtual, lihat Cara menyambungkan dan masuk ke komputer virtual Azure yang menjalankan Windows.
Langkah berikutnya
- Jika ada masalah dengan penyebaran, Anda dapat mengunjungi Memecahkan kesalahan umum penyebaran Azure dengan Azure Resource Manager.
- Pelajari cara membuat dan mengelola komputer virtual di Membuat dan mengelola VM Windows dengan modul Azure PowerShell.
Untuk mempelajari pembuatan templat lebih lanjut, lihat sintaks dan properti JSON untuk jenis sumber daya yang Anda sebarkan: