Array.FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Metode
Definisi
Penting
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Mengambil semua elemen yang cocok dengan kondisi yang ditentukan oleh predikat yang ditentukan.
public:
generic <typename T>
static cli::array <T> ^ FindAll(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);public static T[] FindAll<T>(T[] array, Predicate<T> match);static member FindAll : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T[]Public Shared Function FindAll(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T()Jenis parameter
- T
Jenis elemen array.
Parameter
- array
- T[]
Berbasis satu dimensi dan nol Array untuk dicari.
- match
- Predicate<T>
Predicate<T> yang menentukan kondisi elemen yang akan dicari.
Mengembalikan
Yang Array berisi semua elemen yang cocok dengan kondisi yang ditentukan oleh predikat yang ditentukan, jika ditemukan; jika tidak, kosong Array.
Pengecualian
Contoh
Contoh berikut membuat array 50 angka acak dengan nilai yang dapat berkisar antara 0 hingga 1.000. Kemudian memanggil FindAll metode dengan ekspresi lambda yang mengembalikan nilai yang berkisar antara 300 hingga 600. Perhatikan bahwa ekspresi lambda diteruskan parameter bernama x; ini mewakili anggota array individual yang diteruskan ke Predicate<T>. Perhatikan juga bahwa lokal lBound dan uBound variabel dapat diakses dalam ekspresi lambda.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Get an array of n random integers.
int[] values = GetArray(50, 0, 1000);
int lBound = 300;
int uBound = 600;
int[] matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, x =>
x >= lBound && x <= uBound);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < matchedItems.Length; ctr++) {
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems[ctr]);
if ((ctr + 1) % 12 == 0)
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private static int[] GetArray(int n, int lower, int upper)
{
Random rnd = new Random();
List<int> list = new List<int>();
for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= n; ctr++)
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1));
return list.ToArray();
}
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
open System
let getArray n lower upper =
let rnd = Random()
[| for _ = 1 to n do
rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1) |]
// Get an array of n random integers.
let values = getArray 50 0 1000
let lBound = 300
let uBound = 600
let matchedItems = Array.FindAll(values, fun x -> x >= lBound && x <= uBound)
for i = 0 to matchedItems.Length - 1 do
printf $"{matchedItems[i]} "
if (i + 1) % 12 = 0 then printfn ""
// The example displays output similar to the following:
// 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
// 535 416 393 385
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
' Get an array of n random integers.
Dim values() As Integer = GetArray(50, 0, 1000)
Dim lBound As Integer = 300
Dim uBound As Integer = 600
Dim matchedItems() As Integer = Array.FindAll(values,
Function(x) x >= lBound And x <= uBound)
For ctr As Integer = 0 To matchedItems.Length - 1
Console.Write("{0} ", matchedItems(ctr))
If (ctr + 1) Mod 12 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine()
Next
End Sub
Private Function GetArray(n As Integer, lower As Integer,
upper As Integer) As Integer()
Dim rnd As New Random()
Dim list As New List(Of Integer)
For ctr As Integer = 1 To n
list.Add(rnd.Next(lower, upper + 1))
Next
Return list.ToArray()
End Function
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
' 542 398 356 351 348 301 562 599 575 400 569 306
' 535 416 393 385
Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan Findmetode generik , , FindLastdan FindAll . Array string dibuat, berisi 8 nama dinosang, dua di antaranya (pada posisi 1 dan 5) berakhir dengan "saurus". Contoh kode juga mendefinisikan metode predikat pencarian bernama EndsWithSaurus, yang menerima parameter string dan mengembalikan nilai Boolean yang menunjukkan apakah string input berakhiran "saurus".
Metode Find generik melintasi array dari awal, meneruskan setiap elemen pada gilirannya ke EndsWithSaurus metode . Pencarian berhenti ketika EndsWithSaurus metode kembali true untuk elemen "Amargasaurus".
Note
Di C#, F#, dan Visual Basic, tidak perlu membuat delegasi Predicate<string> (Predicate(Of String) Visual Basic secara eksplisit). Bahasa-bahasa ini menyimpulkan delegasi yang benar dari konteks dan membuatnya secara otomatis.
Metode FindLast generik digunakan untuk mencari array mundur dari akhir. Ini menemukan elemen "Dilophosaurus" pada posisi 5. Metode FindAll generik digunakan untuk mengembalikan array yang berisi semua elemen yang berakhiran "saurus". Elemen ditampilkan.
Contoh kode juga menunjukkan Exists metode generik dan TrueForAll .
using System;
public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] dinosaurs =
{
"Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
"Velociraptor", "Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus",
"Gallimimus", "Triceratops"
};
DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
}
private string[] dinosaurs;
public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
{
dinosaurs = items;
}
public void DiscoverAll()
{
Console.WriteLine();
foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
{
Predicate<string> dinoType;
switch (Ending.ToLower())
{
case "raptor":
dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
break;
case "tops":
dinoType = EndsWithTops;
break;
case "saurus":
default:
dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
break;
}
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
Ending,
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));
Console.WriteLine(
"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);
string[] subArray =
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);
foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 5) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
{
if ((s.Length > 3) &&
(s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/
open System
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"
// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"
type DinoDiscoverySet =
{ Dinosaurs: string [] }
member this.DiscoverAll() =
printfn ""
for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
printfn $"{dino}"
member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
let dinoType =
match ending.ToLower() with
| "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
| "tops" -> endsWithTops
| "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus
Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending
Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
|> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending
printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
printfn $"{dinosaur}"
let dinosaurs =
[| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
"Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
"Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]
let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }
goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"
// This code example produces the following output:
// Compsognathus
// Amargasaurus
// Oviraptor
// Velociraptor
// Deinonychus
// Dilophosaurus
// Gallimimus
// Triceratops
//
// Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
// Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
// Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
// Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
// Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
// Amargasaurus
// Dilophosaurus
Public Class DinoDiscoverySet
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
"Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor", "Velociraptor", _
"Deinonychus", "Dilophosaurus", "Gallimimus", _
"Triceratops" }
Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)
GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
End Sub
Private dinosaurs As String()
Public Sub New(items() As String)
dinosaurs = items
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverAll()
Console.WriteLine()
For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)
Select Case Ending.ToLower()
Case "raptor"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
Case "tops"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
Case "saurus"
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
Case Else
dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
End Select
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
Ending, _
Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))
Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
"Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)
Dim subArray() As String = _
Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)
For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
Next dinosaur
End Sub
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
' expression if the string is so short that an error
' would occur.
If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
(s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
End Class
' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus
Keterangan
Predicate<T> adalah delegasi ke metode yang mengembalikan true jika objek yang diteruskan ke metode tersebut cocok dengan kondisi yang ditentukan dalam delegasi. Elemen array diteruskan secara individual ke Predicate<T>, dan elemen yang cocok dengan kondisi disimpan dalam array yang dikembalikan.
Metode ini adalah operasi O(n), di mana n adalah Length dari array.
Di F#, fungsi Array.filter dapat digunakan sebagai gantinya.
