IObserver<T> Antarmuka

Definisi

Ruang nama:: System

Rakitan:: mscorlib.dll, System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: netstandard.dll, System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: mscorlib.dll

Rakitan:: netstandard.dll

Sumber:: IObserver.cs

Sumber:: IObserver.cs

Sumber:: ThreadPoolBoundHandle.Unix.cs

Penting

Beberapa informasi terkait produk prarilis yang dapat diubah secara signifikan sebelum dirilis. Microsoft tidak memberikan jaminan, tersirat maupun tersurat, sehubungan dengan informasi yang diberikan di sini.

Menyediakan mekanisme untuk menerima pemberitahuan berbasis push.

generic <typename T>
public interface class IObserver

public interface IObserver<in T>

type IObserver<'T> = interface

Public Interface IObserver(Of In T)

Jenis parameter

T

Objek yang menyediakan informasi pemberitahuan.

Parameter jenis ini bersifat kontravarian. Artinya, Anda bisa menggunakan jenis yang Anda tentukan atau jenis apa pun yang tidak banyak diturunkan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kovariansi dan kontravariansi, lihat Kovariansi dan Kontravariansi dalam Generik.

Turunan: Microsoft.Extensions.DiagnosticAdapter.DiagnosticSourceAdapter

System.Web.Hosting.LowPhysicalMemoryObserver

System.Web.Hosting.RecycleLimitObserver

Contoh

Contoh berikut mengilustrasikan pola desain pengamat. Ini mendefinisikan Location kelas yang berisi informasi lintang dan bujur.

public struct Location
{
   double lat, lon;

   public Location(double latitude, double longitude)
   {
      this.lat = latitude;
      this.lon = longitude;
   }

   public double Latitude
   { get { return this.lat; } }

   public double Longitude
   { get { return this.lon; } }
}

[<Struct>]
type Location =
    { Latitude: double
      Longitude: double }

Public Structure Location
   Dim lat, lon As Double

   Public Sub New(ByVal latitude As Double, ByVal longitude As Double)
      Me.lat = latitude
      Me.lon = longitude
   End Sub

   Public ReadOnly Property Latitude As Double
      Get
         Return Me.lat
      End Get
   End Property

   Public ReadOnly Property Longitude As Double
      Get
         Return Me.lon
      End Get
   End Property
End Structure

Kelas LocationReporter menyediakan IObserver<T> implementasi. Ini menampilkan informasi tentang lokasi saat ini ke konsol. Konstruktornya mencakup name parameter, yang memungkinkan LocationReporter instans mengidentifikasi dirinya sendiri dalam output string-nya. Ini juga termasuk Subscribe metode, yang membungkus panggilan ke metode penyedia Subscribe . Ini memungkinkan metode untuk menetapkan referensi yang dikembalikan IDisposable ke variabel privat. Kelas ini LocationReporter juga menyertakan Unsubscribe metode , yang memanggil IDisposable.Dispose metode objek yang dikembalikan oleh IObservable<T>.Subscribe metode . Kode berikut mendefinisikan LocationReporter kelas .

using System;

public class LocationReporter : IObserver<Location>
{
   private IDisposable unsubscriber;
   private string instName;

   public LocationReporter(string name)
   {
      this.instName = name;
   }

   public string Name
   {  get{ return this.instName; } }

   public virtual void Subscribe(IObservable<Location> provider)
   {
      if (provider != null)
         unsubscriber = provider.Subscribe(this);
   }

   public virtual void OnCompleted()
   {
      Console.WriteLine("The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to {0}.", this.Name);
      this.Unsubscribe();
   }

   public virtual void OnError(Exception e)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: The location cannot be determined.", this.Name);
   }

   public virtual void OnNext(Location value)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{2}: The current location is {0}, {1}", value.Latitude, value.Longitude, this.Name);
   }

   public virtual void Unsubscribe()
   {
      unsubscriber.Dispose();
   }
}

open System

type LocationReporter(name) =
    let mutable unsubscriber = Unchecked.defaultof<IDisposable>

    member _.Name = name

    member this.Subscribe(provider: IObservable<Location>) =
        if provider <> null then
            unsubscriber <- provider.Subscribe this

    member _.Unsubscribe() =
        unsubscriber.Dispose()

    interface IObserver<Location> with
        member this.OnCompleted() =
            printfn $"The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to {name}."
            this.Unsubscribe()

        member _.OnError(_) =
            printfn $"{name}: The location cannot be determined."

        member _.OnNext(value) =
            printfn $"{name}: The current location is {value.Latitude}, {value.Longitude}"

Public Class LocationReporter : Implements IObserver(Of Location)
   Dim unsubscriber As IDisposable
   Dim instName As String

   Public Sub New(ByVal name As String)
      Me.instName = name
   End Sub

   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return instName
      End Get
   End Property

   Public Overridable Sub Subscribe(ByVal provider As IObservable(Of Location))
      If provider Is Nothing Then Exit Sub
      unsubscriber = provider.Subscribe(Me)
   End Sub

   Public Overridable Sub OnCompleted() Implements System.IObserver(Of Location).OnCompleted
      Console.WriteLine("The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to {0}.", Me.Name)
      Me.Unsubscribe()
   End Sub

   Public Overridable Sub OnError(ByVal e As System.Exception) Implements System.IObserver(Of Location).OnError
      Console.WriteLine("{0}: The location cannot be determined.", Me.Name)
   End Sub

   Public Overridable Sub OnNext(ByVal value As Location) Implements System.IObserver(Of Location).OnNext
      Console.WriteLine("{2}: The current location is {0}, {1}", value.Latitude, value.Longitude, Me.Name)
   End Sub

   Public Overridable Sub Unsubscribe()
      unsubscriber.Dispose()
   End Sub
End Class

Kelas LocationTracker menyediakan IObservable<T> implementasi. Metodenya TrackLocation melewati objek nullable Location yang berisi data lintang dan bujur. Location Jika nilainya bukan null, TrackLocation metode memanggil OnNext metode setiap pengamat.

public class LocationTracker : IObservable<Location>
{
   public LocationTracker()
   {
      observers = new List<IObserver<Location>>();
   }

   private List<IObserver<Location>> observers;

   public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<Location> observer)
   {
      if (!observers.Contains(observer))
         observers.Add(observer);
      return new Unsubscriber(observers, observer);
   }

   private class Unsubscriber : IDisposable
   {
      private List<IObserver<Location>>_observers;
      private IObserver<Location> _observer;

      public Unsubscriber(List<IObserver<Location>> observers, IObserver<Location> observer)
      {
         this._observers = observers;
         this._observer = observer;
      }

      public void Dispose()
      {
         if (_observer != null && _observers.Contains(_observer))
            _observers.Remove(_observer);
      }
   }

   public void TrackLocation(Nullable<Location> loc)
   {
      foreach (var observer in observers) {
         if (!loc.HasValue)
            observer.OnError(new LocationUnknownException());
         else
            observer.OnNext(loc.Value);
      }
   }

   public void EndTransmission()
   {
      foreach (var observer in observers.ToArray())
         if (observers.Contains(observer))
            observer.OnCompleted();

      observers.Clear();
   }
}

type Unsubscriber(observers: ResizeArray<IObserver<Location>>, observer: IObserver<Location>) =
    interface IDisposable with
        member _.Dispose() =
            if observer <> null && observers.Contains observer then
                observers.Remove observer |> ignore

type LocationTracker() =
    let observers = ResizeArray<IObserver<Location>>()

    interface IObservable<Location> with
        member _.Subscribe(observer) =
            if observers.Contains observer |> not then
                observers.Add observer
            new Unsubscriber(observers, observer)

    member _.TrackLocation(loc: Nullable<Location>) =
        for observer in observers do
            if not loc.HasValue then
                observer.OnError LocationUnknownException
            else
                observer.OnNext loc.Value

    member _.EndTransmission() =
        for observer in observers.ToArray() do
            if observers.Contains observer then
                observer.OnCompleted()
        observers.Clear()

Public Class LocationTracker : Implements IObservable(Of Location)

   Public Sub New()
      observers = New List(Of IObserver(Of Location))
   End Sub

   Private observers As List(Of IObserver(Of Location))

   Public Function Subscribe(ByVal observer As System.IObserver(Of Location)) As System.IDisposable _
                            Implements System.IObservable(Of Location).Subscribe
      If Not observers.Contains(observer) Then
         observers.Add(observer)
      End If
      Return New Unsubscriber(observers, observer)
   End Function

   Private Class Unsubscriber : Implements IDisposable
      Private _observers As List(Of IObserver(Of Location))
      Private _observer As IObserver(Of Location)

      Public Sub New(ByVal observers As List(Of IObserver(Of Location)), ByVal observer As IObserver(Of Location))
         Me._observers = observers
         Me._observer = observer
      End Sub

      Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
         If _observer IsNot Nothing AndAlso _observers.Contains(_observer) Then
            _observers.Remove(_observer)
         End If
      End Sub
   End Class

   Public Sub TrackLocation(ByVal loc As Nullable(Of Location))
      For Each observer In observers
         If Not loc.HasValue Then
            observer.OnError(New LocationUnknownException())
         Else
            observer.OnNext(loc.Value)
         End If
      Next
   End Sub

   Public Sub EndTransmission()
      For Each observer In observers.ToArray()
         If observers.Contains(observer) Then observer.OnCompleted()
      Next
      observers.Clear()
   End Sub
End Class

Jika nilainya Location adalah null, metode membuat TrackLocation instans LocationNotFoundException objek, yang diperlihatkan dalam contoh berikut. Kemudian memanggil metode setiap pengamat OnError dan meneruskannya objek LocationNotFoundException . Perhatikan bahwa LocationNotFoundException berasal dari Exception tetapi tidak menambahkan anggota baru.

public class LocationUnknownException : Exception
{
   internal LocationUnknownException()
   { }
}

exception LocationUnknownException

Public Class LocationUnknownException : Inherits Exception
   Friend Sub New()
   End Sub
End Class

Pengamat mendaftar untuk menerima pemberitahuan dari TrackLocation objek dengan memanggil metodenya IObservable<T>.Subscribe , yang menetapkan referensi ke objek pengamat ke objek generik List<T> privat. Metode mengembalikan Unsubscriber objek, yang merupakan IDisposable implementasi yang memungkinkan pengamat berhenti menerima pemberitahuan. Kelas ini LocationTracker juga menyertakan EndTransmission metode . Ketika tidak ada data lokasi lebih lanjut yang tersedia, metode memanggil metode setiap pengamat OnCompleted dan kemudian menghapus daftar internal pengamat.

Kode berikut kemudian membuat instans penyedia dan pengamat.

using System;

class Program
{
   static void Main(string[] args)
   {
      // Define a provider and two observers.
      LocationTracker provider = new LocationTracker();
      LocationReporter reporter1 = new LocationReporter("FixedGPS");
      reporter1.Subscribe(provider);
      LocationReporter reporter2 = new LocationReporter("MobileGPS");
      reporter2.Subscribe(provider);

      provider.TrackLocation(new Location(47.6456, -122.1312));
      reporter1.Unsubscribe();
      provider.TrackLocation(new Location(47.6677, -122.1199));
      provider.TrackLocation(null);
      provider.EndTransmission();
   }
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//      FixedGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
//      MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
//      MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6677, -122.1199
//      MobileGPS: The location cannot be determined.
//      The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to MobileGPS.

open System

// Define a provider and two observers.
let provider = LocationTracker()
let reporter1 = LocationReporter "FixedGPS"
reporter1.Subscribe provider
let reporter2 = LocationReporter "MobileGPS"
reporter2.Subscribe provider

provider.TrackLocation { Latitude = 47.6456; Longitude = -122.1312 }
reporter1.Unsubscribe()
provider.TrackLocation { Latitude = 47.6677; Longitude = -122.1199 }
provider.TrackLocation(Nullable())
provider.EndTransmission()
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//      FixedGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
//      MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
//      MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6677, -122.1199
//      MobileGPS: The location cannot be determined.
//      The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to MobileGPS.

Module Module1
   Dim provider As LocationTracker

   Sub Main()
      ' Define a provider and two observers.
      provider = New LocationTracker()
      Dim reporter1 As New LocationReporter("FixedGPS")
      reporter1.Subscribe(provider)
      Dim reporter2 As New LocationReporter("MobileGPS")
      reporter2.Subscribe(provider)

      provider.TrackLocation(New Location(47.6456, -122.1312))
      reporter1.Unsubscribe()
      provider.TrackLocation(New Location(47.6677, -122.1199))
      provider.TrackLocation(Nothing)
      provider.EndTransmission()
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
'       FixedGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
'       MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6456, -122.1312
'       MobileGPS: The current location is 47.6677, -122.1199
'       MobileGPS: The location cannot be determined.
'       The Location Tracker has completed transmitting data to MobileGPS.

Keterangan

Antarmuka IObserver<T> dan IObservable<T> menyediakan mekanisme umum untuk pemberitahuan berbasis push, juga dikenal sebagai pola desain pengamat. Antarmuka IObservable<T> mewakili kelas yang mengirim pemberitahuan (penyedia); IObserver<T> antarmuka mewakili kelas yang menerimanya (pengamat). T mewakili kelas yang menyediakan informasi pemberitahuan.

Implementasi IObserver<T> mengatur untuk menerima pemberitahuan dari penyedia ( IObservable<T> implementasi) dengan meneruskan instans itu sendiri ke metode penyedia IObservable<T>.Subscribe . Metode ini mengembalikan IDisposable objek yang dapat digunakan untuk berhenti berlangganan pengamat sebelum penyedia selesai mengirim pemberitahuan.

Antarmuka IObserver<T> mendefinisikan tiga metode berikut yang harus diterapkan pengamat:

Metode OnNext ini, yang biasanya dipanggil oleh penyedia untuk menyediakan pengamat dengan data baru atau informasi status.
Metode OnError , yang biasanya dipanggil oleh penyedia untuk menunjukkan bahwa data tidak tersedia, tidak dapat diakses, atau rusak, atau bahwa penyedia telah mengalami beberapa kondisi kesalahan lainnya.
Metode OnCompleted ini, yang biasanya dipanggil oleh penyedia untuk menunjukkan bahwa ia telah selesai mengirim pemberitahuan kepada pengamat.

Metode

Nama	Deskripsi
OnCompleted()	Memberi tahu pengamat bahwa penyedia telah selesai mengirim pemberitahuan berbasis push.
OnError(Exception)	Memberi tahu pengamat bahwa penyedia telah mengalami kondisi kesalahan.
OnNext(T)	Menyediakan data baru kepada pengamat.

Berlaku untuk

Lihat juga

IObservable<T>

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