Predicate<T> Delegasikan

Definisi

Ruang nama:: System

Rakitan:: mscorlib.dll, System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: netstandard.dll, System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: System.Runtime.dll

Rakitan:: mscorlib.dll

Rakitan:: netstandard.dll

Sumber:: Action.cs

Sumber:: Action.cs

Sumber:: FormatException.cs

Penting

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Mewakili metode yang menentukan serangkaian kriteria dan menentukan apakah objek yang ditentukan memenuhi kriteria tersebut.

generic <typename T>
public delegate bool Predicate(T obj);

public delegate bool Predicate<in T>(T obj);

public delegate bool Predicate<in T>(T obj) where T : allows ref struct;

public delegate bool Predicate<T>(T obj);

type Predicate<'T> = delegate of 'T -> bool

Public Delegate Function Predicate(Of In T)(obj As T) As Boolean

Public Delegate Function Predicate(Of T)(obj As T) As Boolean

Jenis parameter

T

Jenis objek yang akan dibandingkan.

Parameter jenis ini bersifat kontravarian. Artinya, Anda bisa menggunakan jenis yang Anda tentukan atau jenis apa pun yang tidak banyak diturunkan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang kovariansi dan kontravariansi, lihat Kovariansi dan Kontravariansi dalam Generik.

Parameter

obj: T

Objek untuk dibandingkan dengan kriteria yang ditentukan dalam metode yang diwakili oleh delegasi ini.

Tampilkan Nilai

Boolean

true jika obj memenuhi kriteria yang ditentukan dalam metode yang diwakili oleh delegasi ini; jika tidak, false.

Contoh

Contoh kode berikut menggunakan Predicate<T> delegasi dengan Array.Find metode untuk mencari array Point struktur. Contoh secara eksplisit mendefinisikan Predicate<T> delegasi bernama predicate dan menetapkannya metode bernama FindPoints yang mengembalikan true jika produk bidang dan Point.X lebih besar dari Point.Y 100.000. Perhatikan bahwa biasanya menggunakan ekspresi lambda daripada secara eksplisit mendefinisikan delegasi jenis Predicate<T>, seperti yang diilustrasikan contoh kedua.

using System;
using System.Drawing;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create an array of Point structures.
      Point[] points = { new Point(100, 200),
                         new Point(150, 250), new Point(250, 375),
                         new Point(275, 395), new Point(295, 450) };

      // Define the Predicate<T> delegate.
      Predicate<Point> predicate = FindPoints;

      // Find the first Point structure for which X times Y
      // is greater than 100000.
      Point first = Array.Find(points, predicate);

      // Display the first structure found.
      Console.WriteLine("Found: X = {0}, Y = {1}", first.X, first.Y);
   }

   private static bool FindPoints(Point obj)
   {
      return obj.X * obj.Y > 100000;
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//        Found: X = 275, Y = 395

open System
open System.Drawing

let findPoints (obj: Point) =
    obj.X * obj.Y > 100000

// Create an array of Point structures.
let points = 
    [| Point(100, 200)
       Point(150, 250) 
       Point(250, 375)
       Point(275, 395) 
       Point(295, 450) |]

// Define the Predicate<T> delegate.
let predicate = Predicate<Point> findPoints

// Find the first Point structure for which X times Y
// is greater than 100000.
let first = Array.Find(points, predicate)

// Display the first structure found.
printfn $"Found: X = {first.X}, Y = {first.Y}"
// The example displays the following output:
//        Found: X = 275, Y = 395

Imports System.Drawing

Public Class Example
   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Create an array of Point structures. 
      Dim points() As Point = { new Point(100, 200), new Point(150, 250), 
                                new Point(250, 375), new Point(275, 395), 
                                new Point(295, 450) }
      
      ' Define the Predicate(Of T) delegate.
      Dim predicate As Predicate(Of Point) = AddressOf Example.FindPoints
      
      ' Find the first Point structure for which X times Y  
      ' is greater than 100000. 
      Dim first As Point = Array.Find(points, predicate)

      ' Display the first structure found.
      Console.WriteLine("Found: X = {0}, Y = {1}", first.X, first.Y)
   End Sub 
   
   Private Shared Function FindPoints(obj As Point) As Boolean
      Return obj.X * obj.Y > 100000
   End Function

End Class 
' The example displays the following output:
'       Found: X = 275, Y = 395

Contoh berikut identik dengan contoh sebelumnya, kecuali menggunakan ekspresi lambda untuk mewakili Predicate<T> delegasi. Setiap elemen array diteruskan points ke ekspresi lambda hingga ekspresi menemukan elemen yang memenuhi kriteria pencarian. Dalam hal ini, ekspresi lambda mengembalikan true jika produk bidang X dan Y lebih besar dari 100.000.

using System;
using System.Drawing;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Create an array of Point structures.
      Point[] points = { new Point(100, 200),
                         new Point(150, 250), new Point(250, 375),
                         new Point(275, 395), new Point(295, 450) };

      // Find the first Point structure for which X times Y
      // is greater than 100000.
      Point first = Array.Find(points, x => x.X * x.Y > 100000 );

      // Display the first structure found.
      Console.WriteLine("Found: X = {0}, Y = {1}", first.X, first.Y);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//        Found: X = 275, Y = 395

open System
open System.Drawing

// Create an array of Point structures.
let points = 
    [| Point(100, 200)
       Point(150, 250)
       Point(250, 375)
       Point(275, 395)
       Point(295, 450) |]

// Find the first Point structure for which X times Y
// is greater than 100000.
let first = Array.Find(points, fun x -> x.X * x.Y > 100000)

// Display the first structure found.
printfn $"Found: X = {first.X}, Y = {first.Y}"
// The example displays the following output:
//        Found: X = 275, Y = 395

Imports System.Drawing

Public Class Example
   Public Shared Sub Main()

      ' Create an array of Point structures. 
      Dim points() As Point = { new Point(100, 200), new Point(150, 250), 
                                new Point(250, 375), new Point(275, 395), 
                                new Point(295, 450) }

      ' Find the first Point structure for which X times Y  
      ' is greater than 100000. 
      Dim first As Point = Array.Find(points, 
                                 Function(x) x.X * x.Y > 100000 )

      ' Display the first structure found.
      Console.WriteLine("Found: X = {0}, Y = {1}", first.X, first.Y)
   End Sub 
End Class 
' The example displays the following output:
'       Found: X = 275, Y = 395

Keterangan

Delegasi ini digunakan oleh beberapa metode Array kelas dan List<T> untuk mencari elemen dalam koleksi.

Biasanya, Predicate<T> delegasi diwakili oleh ekspresi lambda. Karena variabel yang dicakup secara lokal tersedia untuk ekspresi lambda, mudah untuk menguji kondisi yang tidak diketahui secara tepat pada waktu kompilasi. Ini disimulasikan dalam contoh berikut, yang mendefinisikan HockeyTeam kelas yang berisi informasi tentang tim Liga Hoki Nasional dan tahun di mana ia didirikan. Contoh mendefinisikan array nilai bilangan bulat yang mewakili tahun, dan secara acak menetapkan satu elemen array ke foundedBeforeYear, yang merupakan variabel yang dilingkup secara lokal ke metode contoh Main . Karena variabel yang dicakup secara lokal tersedia untuk ekspresi lambda, ekspresi lambda yang diteruskan ke List<T>.FindAll metode dapat mengembalikan HockeyTeam objek untuk setiap tim yang didirikan pada atau sebelum tahun tersebut.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class HockeyTeam
{
   private string _name;
   private int _founded;

   public HockeyTeam(string name, int year)
   {
      _name = name;
      _founded = year;
   }

   public string Name {
      get { return _name; }
   }

   public int Founded {
      get { return _founded; }
   }
}

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Random rnd = new Random();
      List<HockeyTeam> teams = new List<HockeyTeam>();
      teams.AddRange( new HockeyTeam[] { new HockeyTeam("Detroit Red Wings", 1926),
                                         new HockeyTeam("Chicago Blackhawks", 1926),
                                         new HockeyTeam("San Jose Sharks", 1991),
                                         new HockeyTeam("Montreal Canadiens", 1909),
                                         new HockeyTeam("St. Louis Blues", 1967) } );
      int[] years = { 1920, 1930, 1980, 2000 };
      int foundedBeforeYear = years[rnd.Next(0, years.Length)];
      Console.WriteLine("Teams founded before {0}:", foundedBeforeYear);
      foreach (var team in teams.FindAll( x => x.Founded <= foundedBeforeYear))
         Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", team.Name, team.Founded);
   }
}
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       Teams founded before 1930:
//       Detroit Red Wings: 1926
//       Chicago Blackhawks: 1926
//       Montreal Canadiens: 1909

open System

type HockeyTeam =
    { Name: string
      Founded: int }

let rnd = Random()
let teams = ResizeArray()
teams.AddRange 
    [| { Name = "Detroit Red Wings"; Founded = 1926 }
       { Name = "Chicago Blackhawks"; Founded = 1926 }
       { Name = "San Jose Sharks"; Founded = 1991 }
       { Name = "Montreal Canadiens"; Founded = 1909 }
       { Name = "St. Louis Blues"; Founded = 1967 }|]

let years = [| 1920; 1930; 1980; 2000 |]
let foundedBeforeYear = years[rnd.Next(0, years.Length)]
printfn $"Teams founded before {foundedBeforeYear}:"
for team in teams.FindAll(fun x -> x.Founded <= foundedBeforeYear) do
    printfn $"{team.Name}: {team.Founded}"
// The example displays output similar to the following:
//       Teams founded before 1930:
//       Detroit Red Wings: 1926
//       Chicago Blackhawks: 1926
//       Montreal Canadiens: 1909

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class HockeyTeam
   Private _name As String
   Private _founded As Integer
   
   Public Sub New(name As String, year As Integer)
      _name = name
      _founded = year
   End Sub

   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return _name
      End Get
   End Property

   Public ReadOnly Property Founded As Integer
      Get 
         Return _founded
      End Get   
   End Property
End Class

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      Dim teams As New List(Of HockeyTeam)()
      teams.AddRange( { new HockeyTeam("Detroit Red Wings", 1926), 
                        new HockeyTeam("Chicago Blackhawks", 1926),
                        new HockeyTeam("San Jose Sharks", 1991),
                        new HockeyTeam("Montreal Canadiens", 1909),
                        new HockeyTeam("St. Louis Blues", 1967) } )
      Dim years() As Integer = { 1920, 1930, 1980, 2000 }
      Dim foundedBeforeYear As Integer = years(rnd.Next(0, years.Length))
      Console.WriteLine("Teams founded before {0}:", foundedBeforeYear)
      For Each team in teams.FindAll( Function(x) x.Founded <= foundedBeforeYear )
         Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", team.Name, team.Founded)
      Next   
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output similar to the following:
'       Teams founded before 1930:
'       Detroit Red Wings: 1926
'       Chicago Blackhawks: 1926
'       Montreal Canadiens: 1909

Metode Ekstensi

Nama	Deskripsi
GetMethodInfo(Delegate)	Mendapatkan objek yang mewakili metode yang diwakili oleh delegasi yang ditentukan.

Berlaku untuk

Lihat juga

Find<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)

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