Cara: Mengubah Input Keyboard ke Kontrol Standar

Artikel
10/19/2023

Formulir Windows menyediakan kemampuan untuk menggunakan dan memodifikasi input keyboard. Mengkonsumsi kunci mengacu pada penanganan kunci dalam metode atau penanganan aktivitas sehingga metode dan peristiwa lain lebih jauh ke bawah antrean pesan tidak menerima nilai kunci. Memodifikasi kunci mengacu pada memodifikasi nilai kunci sehingga metode dan penanganan aktivitas lebih jauh ke bawah antrean pesan menerima nilai kunci yang berbeda. Topik ini menunjukkan cara menyelesaikan tugas-tugas ini.

Untuk menggunakan kunci

Dalam penanganan KeyPress aktivitas, atur Handled properti kelas ke KeyPressEventArgstrue.

-atau-

Dalam penanganan KeyDown aktivitas, atur Handled properti kelas ke KeyEventArgstrue.

Catatan

Handled Mengatur properti di KeyDown penanganan aktivitas tidak mencegah KeyPress peristiwa dan KeyUp dinaikkan untuk penekanan tombol saat ini. SuppressKeyPress Gunakan properti untuk tujuan ini.

Contoh berikut adalah kutipan dari switch pernyataan yang memeriksa KeyChar properti yang KeyPressEventArgs diterima oleh KeyPress penanganan aktivitas. Kode ini menggunakan kunci karakter 'A' dan 'a'.
```
// Consume 'A' and 'a'.
case (char)65:
case (char)97:
    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
    e.Handled = true;
    break;
```
```
' Consume 'A' and 'a'.
Case ChrW(65), ChrW(97)
    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed."))
    e.Handled = True
```

Untuk mengubah kunci karakter standar

Dalam penanganan KeyPress aktivitas, atur KeyChar properti KeyPressEventArgs kelas ke nilai kunci karakter baru.

Contoh berikut adalah kutipan dari switch pernyataan yang memodifikasi 'B' menjadi 'A' dan 'b' menjadi 'a'. Perhatikan bahwa Handled properti KeyPressEventArgs parameter diatur ke false, sehingga nilai kunci baru disebarkan ke metode dan peristiwa lain dalam antrean pesan.

// Detect 'B', modify it to 'A', and forward the key.
case (char)66:
    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'A'.");
    e.KeyChar = (char)65;
    e.Handled = false;
    break;

// Detect 'b', modify it to 'a', and forward the key.
case (char)98:
    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'a'.");
    e.KeyChar = (char)97;
    e.Handled = false;
    break;

    ' Modify 'B' to 'A' and forward the key.
Case ChrW(66)
    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'A'."))
    e.KeyChar = ChrW(65)
    e.Handled = False

    ' Modify 'b' to 'a' and forward the key.
Case ChrW(98)
    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'a'."))
    e.KeyChar = ChrW(97)
    e.Handled = False

Untuk mengubah kunci noncharacter

Ambil alih Control metode yang memproses pesan Windows, mendeteksi pesan WM_KEYDOWN atau WM_SYSKEYDOWN, dan mengatur WParam properti Message parameter ke Keys nilai yang mewakili kunci noncharacter baru.

Contoh kode berikut menunjukkan cara mengambil alih PreProcessMessage metode kontrol untuk mendeteksi kunci F1 hingga F9 dan memodifikasi penekanan tombol F3 ke F1. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang Control metode yang dapat Anda ambil alih untuk mencegat pesan keyboard, lihat Input Pengguna di Aplikasi Formulir Windows dan Cara Kerja Input Keyboard.

// Detect F1 through F9 during preprocessing and modify F3.
public override bool PreProcessMessage(ref Message m)
{
    if (m.Msg == WM_KEYDOWN)
    {
        Keys keyCode = (Keys)m.WParam & Keys.KeyCode;

        // Detect F1 through F9.
        switch (keyCode)
        {
            case Keys.F1:
            case Keys.F2:
            case Keys.F3:
            case Keys.F4:
            case Keys.F5:
            case Keys.F6:
            case Keys.F7:
            case Keys.F8:
            case Keys.F9:

                MessageBox.Show("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" +
                  keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                // Replace F3 with F1, so that ProcessKeyMessage will
                // receive F1 instead of F3.
                if (keyCode == Keys.F3)
                {
                    m.WParam = (IntPtr)Keys.F1;
                    MessageBox.Show("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" +
                        keyCode.ToString() + "' replaced by F1.");
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    // Send all other messages to the base method.
    return base.PreProcessMessage(ref m);
}

' Detect F1 through F9 during preprocessing and modify F3.
Public Overrides Function PreProcessMessage(ByRef m As Message) _
    As Boolean

    If m.Msg = WM_KEYDOWN Then
        Dim keyCode As Keys = CType(m.WParam, Keys) And Keys.KeyCode

        ' Detect F1 through F9.
        Select Case keyCode
            Case Keys.F1, Keys.F2, Keys.F3, Keys.F4, Keys.F5, _
                 Keys.F6, Keys.F7, Keys.F8, Keys.F9

                MessageBox.Show(("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" + _
                    keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed."))

                ' Replace F3 with F1, so that ProcessKeyMessage will  
                ' receive F1 instead of F3.
                If keyCode = Keys.F3 Then
                    m.WParam = CType(Keys.F1, IntPtr)
                    MessageBox.Show(("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" + _
                        keyCode.ToString() + "' replaced by F1."))
                End If
        End Select
    End If

    ' Send all other messages to the base method.
    Return MyBase.PreProcessMessage(m)
End Function

Contoh

Contoh kode berikut adalah aplikasi lengkap untuk contoh kode di bagian sebelumnya. Aplikasi ini menggunakan kontrol kustom yang berasal dari TextBox kelas untuk mengonsumsi dan memodifikasi input keyboard.

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace KeyboardInput
{
    class Form1 : Form
    {
        // The following Windows message value is defined in Winuser.h.
        private int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;
        CustomTextBox CustomTextBox1 = new CustomTextBox();

        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        public Form1()
        {
            this.AutoSize = true;
            this.Controls.Add(CustomTextBox1);
            CustomTextBox1.KeyPress +=
                new KeyPressEventHandler(CustomTextBox1_KeyPress);
        }

        // Consume and modify several character keys.
        void CustomTextBox1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
        {
            switch (e.KeyChar)
            {
                // Consume 'A' and 'a'.
                case (char)65:
                case (char)97:
                    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed.");
                    e.Handled = true;
                    break;

                // Detect 'B', modify it to 'A', and forward the key.
                case (char)66:
                    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'A'.");
                    e.KeyChar = (char)65;
                    e.Handled = false;
                    break;

                // Detect 'b', modify it to 'a', and forward the key.
                case (char)98:
                    MessageBox.Show("Control.KeyPress: '" +
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'a'.");
                    e.KeyChar = (char)97;
                    e.Handled = false;
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    public class CustomTextBox : TextBox
    {
        // The following Windows message value is defined in Winuser.h.
        private int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;

        public CustomTextBox()
        {
            this.Size = new Size(100, 100);
            this.AutoSize = false;
        }

        // Detect F1 through F9 during preprocessing and modify F3.
        public override bool PreProcessMessage(ref Message m)
        {
            if (m.Msg == WM_KEYDOWN)
            {
                Keys keyCode = (Keys)m.WParam & Keys.KeyCode;

                // Detect F1 through F9.
                switch (keyCode)
                {
                    case Keys.F1:
                    case Keys.F2:
                    case Keys.F3:
                    case Keys.F4:
                    case Keys.F5:
                    case Keys.F6:
                    case Keys.F7:
                    case Keys.F8:
                    case Keys.F9:

                        MessageBox.Show("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" +
                          keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed.");

                        // Replace F3 with F1, so that ProcessKeyMessage will
                        // receive F1 instead of F3.
                        if (keyCode == Keys.F3)
                        {
                            m.WParam = (IntPtr)Keys.F1;
                            MessageBox.Show("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" +
                                keyCode.ToString() + "' replaced by F1.");
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }

            // Send all other messages to the base method.
            return base.PreProcessMessage(ref m);
        }

        // Detect F1 through F9 during processing.
        protected override bool ProcessKeyMessage(ref Message m)
        {
            if (m.Msg == WM_KEYDOWN)
            {
                Keys keyCode = (Keys)m.WParam & Keys.KeyCode;

                // Detect F1 through F9.
                switch (keyCode)
                {
                    case Keys.F1:
                    case Keys.F2:
                    case Keys.F3:
                    case Keys.F4:
                    case Keys.F5:
                    case Keys.F6:
                    case Keys.F7:
                    case Keys.F8:
                    case Keys.F9:

                        MessageBox.Show("Control.ProcessKeyMessage: '" +
                          keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed.");
                        break;
                }
            }

            // Send all messages to the base method.
            return base.ProcessKeyMessage(ref m);
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Security
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace KeyboardInput
    Class Form1
        Inherits Form

        ' The following Windows message value is defined in Winuser.h.
        Private WM_KEYDOWN As Integer = &H100
        Private WithEvents CustomTextBox1 As New CustomTextBox()

        <STAThread()> _
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Application.EnableVisualStyles()
            Application.Run(New Form1())
        End Sub

        Public Sub New()
            Me.AutoSize = True
            Me.Controls.Add(CustomTextBox1)
        End Sub

        ' Consume and modify several character keys.
        Sub CustomTextBox1_KeyPress(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As KeyPressEventArgs) Handles CustomTextBox1.KeyPress

            Select Case e.KeyChar

                ' Consume 'A' and 'a'.
                Case ChrW(65), ChrW(97)
                    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' consumed."))
                    e.Handled = True

                    ' Modify 'B' to 'A' and forward the key.
                Case ChrW(66)
                    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'A'."))
                    e.KeyChar = ChrW(65)
                    e.Handled = False

                    ' Modify 'b' to 'a' and forward the key.
                Case ChrW(98)
                    MessageBox.Show(("Control.KeyPress: '" + _
                        e.KeyChar.ToString() + "' replaced by 'a'."))
                    e.KeyChar = ChrW(97)
                    e.Handled = False
            End Select
        End Sub
    End Class

    Public Class CustomTextBox
        Inherits TextBox

        ' The following Windows message value is defined in Winuser.h.
        Private WM_KEYDOWN As Integer = &H100

        Public Sub New()
            Me.Size = New Size(100, 100)
            Me.AutoSize = False
        End Sub

        ' Detect F1 through F9 during preprocessing and modify F3.
        Public Overrides Function PreProcessMessage(ByRef m As Message) _
            As Boolean

            If m.Msg = WM_KEYDOWN Then
                Dim keyCode As Keys = CType(m.WParam, Keys) And Keys.KeyCode

                ' Detect F1 through F9.
                Select Case keyCode
                    Case Keys.F1, Keys.F2, Keys.F3, Keys.F4, Keys.F5, _
                         Keys.F6, Keys.F7, Keys.F8, Keys.F9

                        MessageBox.Show(("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" + _
                            keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed."))

                        ' Replace F3 with F1, so that ProcessKeyMessage will  
                        ' receive F1 instead of F3.
                        If keyCode = Keys.F3 Then
                            m.WParam = CType(Keys.F1, IntPtr)
                            MessageBox.Show(("Control.PreProcessMessage: '" + _
                                keyCode.ToString() + "' replaced by F1."))
                        End If
                End Select
            End If

            ' Send all other messages to the base method.
            Return MyBase.PreProcessMessage(m)
        End Function

        ' Detect F1 through F9 during processing.
        Protected Overrides Function ProcessKeyMessage(ByRef m As Message) _
            As Boolean

            If m.Msg = WM_KEYDOWN Then
                Dim keyCode As Keys = CType(m.WParam, Keys) And Keys.KeyCode

                ' Detect F1 through F9.
                Select Case keyCode
                    Case Keys.F1, Keys.F2, Keys.F3, Keys.F4, Keys.F5, _
                         Keys.F6, Keys.F7, Keys.F8, Keys.F9

                        MessageBox.Show(("Control.ProcessKeyMessage: '" + _
                            keyCode.ToString() + "' pressed."))
                End Select
            End If

            ' Send all messages to the base method.
            Return MyBase.ProcessKeyMessage(m)
        End Function

    End Class
End Namespace

Mengompilasi Kode

Contoh ini membutuhkan:

Referensi ke rakitan System, System.Drawing dan System.Windows.Forms.

Bagikan melalui

Cara: Mengubah Input Keyboard ke Kontrol Standar

Untuk menggunakan kunci

Untuk mengubah kunci karakter standar

Untuk mengubah kunci noncharacter

Contoh

Mengompilasi Kode

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