Panduan: Membatalkan Kueri PLINQ

Contoh berikut menunjukkan dua cara untuk membatalkan kueri PLINQ. Contoh pertama memperlihatkan cara membatalkan kueri yang sebagian besar terdiri dari traversal data. Contoh kedua memperlihatkan cara membatalkan kueri yang berisi fungsi pengguna yang mahal secara komputasi.

Catatan

Ketika "Just My Code" diaktifkan, Visual Studio akan berhenti pada baris yang mengeluarkan pengecualian dan menampilkan pesan kesalahan yang mengatakan "pengecualian tidak ditangani oleh kode pengguna." Kesalahan ini tidak berbahaya. Anda dapat menekan F5 untuk melanjutkannya, dan melihat perilaku penanganan pengecualian yang ditunjukkan dalam contoh di bawah ini. Untuk mencegah Visual Studio melanggar kesalahan pertama, cukup hapus centang pada kotak centang "Hanya Kode Saya" di bawah Alat, Opsi, Penelusuran Kesalahan, Umum.

Contoh ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan penggunaan dan mungkin tidak berjalan lebih cepat daripada kueri LINQ berurutan yang setara ke kueri Objek. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Memahami Percepatan di PLINQ.

Contoh 1

namespace PLINQCancellation_1
{
    using System;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using static System.Console;

    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            int[] source = Enumerable.Range(1, 10000000).ToArray();
            using CancellationTokenSource cts = new();

            // Start a new asynchronous task that will cancel the
            // operation from another thread. Typically you would call
            // Cancel() in response to a button click or some other
            // user interface event.
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                UserClicksTheCancelButton(cts);
            });

            int[]? results = null;
            try
            {
                results =
                    (from num in source.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cts.Token)
                     where num % 3 == 0
                     orderby num descending
                     select num).ToArray();
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException e)
            {
                WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            catch (AggregateException ae)
            {
                if (ae.InnerExceptions != null)
                {
                    foreach (Exception e in ae.InnerExceptions)
                    {
                        WriteLine(e.Message);
                    }
                }
            }

            foreach (var item in results ?? Array.Empty<int>())
            {
                WriteLine(item);
            }
            WriteLine();
            ReadKey();
        }

        static void UserClicksTheCancelButton(CancellationTokenSource cts)
        {
            // Wait between 150 and 500 ms, then cancel.
            // Adjust these values if necessary to make
            // cancellation fire while query is still executing.
            Random rand = new();
            Thread.Sleep(rand.Next(150, 500));
            cts.Cancel();
        }
    }
}
Class Program
    Private Shared Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
        Dim source As Integer() = Enumerable.Range(1, 10000000).ToArray()
        Dim cs As New CancellationTokenSource()

        ' Start a new asynchronous task that will cancel the 
        ' operation from another thread. Typically you would call
        ' Cancel() in response to a button click or some other
        ' user interface event.
        Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()
                                  UserClicksTheCancelButton(cs)
                              End Sub)

        Dim results As Integer() = Nothing
        Try

            results = (From num In source.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cs.Token) _
                       Where num Mod 3 = 0 _
                       Order By num Descending _
                       Select num).ToArray()
        Catch e As OperationCanceledException

            Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
        Catch ae As AggregateException

            If ae.InnerExceptions IsNot Nothing Then
                For Each e As Exception In ae.InnerExceptions
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
                Next
            End If
        Finally
            cs.Dispose()
        End Try

        If results IsNot Nothing Then
            For Each item In results
                Console.WriteLine(item)
            Next
        End If
        Console.WriteLine()

        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub UserClicksTheCancelButton(ByVal cs As CancellationTokenSource)
        ' Wait between 150 and 500 ms, then cancel.
        ' Adjust these values if necessary to make
        ' cancellation fire while query is still executing.
        Dim rand As New Random()
        Thread.Sleep(rand.[Next](150, 350))
        cs.Cancel()
    End Sub
End Class

Kerangka kerja PLINQ tidak meluncurkan OperationCanceledException tunggal ke dalam System.AggregateException; OperationCanceledException harus ditangani di blok tangkapan terpisah. Jika satu atau beberapa delegasi pengguna memunculkan OperationCanceledException(externalCT) (dengan menggunakan System.Threading.CancellationToken eksternal) tetapi tidak ada pengecualian lain, dan kueri didefinisikan sebagai AsParallel().WithCancellation(externalCT), maka PLINQ akan mengeluarkan OperationCanceledException tunggal (externalCT) bukannya System.AggregateException. Namun, jika satu delegasi pengguna memunculkan OperationCanceledException, dan delegasi lain memunculkan jenis pengecualian lain, maka kedua pengecualian akan digulirkan ke dalam AggregateException.

Panduan umum tentang pembatalan adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. Jika melakukan pembatalan delegasi pengguna, Anda harus memberi tahu PLINQ tentang CancellationToken eksternal serta melempar OperationCanceledException(externalCT).

  2. Jika pembatalan terjadi dan tidak ada pengecualian lain yang dilemparkan, maka tangani OperationCanceledException bukannya AggregateException.

Contoh 2

Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara untuk menangani pembatalan saat Anda memiliki fungsi yang mahal secara komputasi dalam kode pengguna.

namespace PLINQCancellation_2
{
    using System;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using static System.Console;

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int[] source = Enumerable.Range(1, 10000000).ToArray();
            using CancellationTokenSource cts = new();

            // Start a new asynchronous task that will cancel the
            // operation from another thread. Typically you would call
            // Cancel() in response to a button click or some other
            // user interface event.
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                UserClicksTheCancelButton(cts);
            });

            double[]? results = null;
            try
            {
                results =
                    (from num in source.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cts.Token)
                     where num % 3 == 0
                     select Function(num, cts.Token)).ToArray();
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException e)
            {
                WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            catch (AggregateException ae)
            {
                if (ae.InnerExceptions != null)
                {
                    foreach (Exception e in ae.InnerExceptions)
                        WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }

            foreach (var item in results ?? Array.Empty<double>())
            {
                WriteLine(item);
            }
            WriteLine();
            ReadKey();
        }

        // A toy method to simulate work.
        static double Function(int n, CancellationToken ct)
        {
            // If work is expected to take longer than 1 ms
            // then try to check cancellation status more
            // often within that work.
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                // Work hard for approx 1 millisecond.
                Thread.SpinWait(50000);

                // Check for cancellation request.
                ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            }
            // Anything will do for our purposes.
            return Math.Sqrt(n);
        }

        static void UserClicksTheCancelButton(CancellationTokenSource cts)
        {
            // Wait between 150 and 500 ms, then cancel.
            // Adjust these values if necessary to make
            // cancellation fire while query is still executing.
            Random rand = new();
            Thread.Sleep(rand.Next(150, 500));
            WriteLine("Press 'c' to cancel");
            if (ReadKey().KeyChar == 'c')
            {
                cts.Cancel();
            }
        }
    }
}
Class Program2
    Private Shared Sub Main(ByVal args As String())


        Dim source As Integer() = Enumerable.Range(1, 10000000).ToArray()
        Dim cs As New CancellationTokenSource()

        ' Start a new asynchronous task that will cancel the 
        ' operation from another thread. Typically you would call
        ' Cancel() in response to a button click or some other
        ' user interface event.
        Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()

                                  UserClicksTheCancelButton(cs)
                              End Sub)

        Dim results As Double() = Nothing
        Try

            results = (From num In source.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cs.Token) _
                       Where num Mod 3 = 0 _
                       Select [Function](num, cs.Token)).ToArray()
        Catch e As OperationCanceledException


            Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
        Catch ae As AggregateException
            If ae.InnerExceptions IsNot Nothing Then
                For Each e As Exception In ae.InnerExceptions
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
                Next
            End If
        Finally
            cs.Dispose()
        End Try

        If results IsNot Nothing Then
            For Each item In results
                Console.WriteLine(item)
            Next
        End If
        Console.WriteLine()

        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub

    ' A toy method to simulate work.
    Private Shared Function [Function](ByVal n As Integer, ByVal ct As CancellationToken) As Double
        ' If work is expected to take longer than 1 ms
        ' then try to check cancellation status more
        ' often within that work.
        For i As Integer = 0 To 4
            ' Work hard for approx 1 millisecond.
            Thread.SpinWait(50000)

            ' Check for cancellation request.
            If ct.IsCancellationRequested Then
                Throw New OperationCanceledException(ct)
            End If
        Next
        ' Anything will do for our purposes.
        Return Math.Sqrt(n)
    End Function

    Private Shared Sub UserClicksTheCancelButton(ByVal cs As CancellationTokenSource)
        ' Wait between 150 and 500 ms, then cancel.
        ' Adjust these values if necessary to make
        ' cancellation fire while query is still executing.
        Dim rand As New Random()
        Thread.Sleep(rand.[Next](150, 350))
        Console.WriteLine("Press 'c' to cancel")
        If Console.ReadKey().KeyChar = "c"c Then
            cs.Cancel()

        End If
    End Sub
End Class

Saat menangani pembatalan dalam kode pengguna, Anda tidak perlu menggunakan WithCancellation dalam definisi kueri. Namun, kami sarankan Anda menggunakan WithCancellation, karena WithCancellation tidak berpengaruh pada performa kueri dan memungkinkan pembatalan ditangani oleh operator kueri dan kode pengguna Anda.

Untuk memastikan respons sistem, kami sarankan Anda memeriksa pembatalan sekitar sekali per milidetik; namun, setiap periode hingga 10 milidetik dianggap bisa diterima. Frekuensi ini seharusnya tidak berdampak negatif pada performa kode Anda.

Saat enumerator dibuang, misalnya ketika kode memecah perulangan foreach (Untuk Setiap dalam Visual Basic) yang melakukan iterasi atas hasil kueri, maka kueri dibatalkan, namun tidak ada pengecualian yang dilemparkan.

Lihat juga