CountdownEvent
System.Threading.CountdownEvent adalah primitif sinkronisasi yang membuka blokir utasnya yang menunggu setelah diberi sinyal beberapa kali. CountdownEvent dirancang untuk skenario di mana Anda harus menggunakan ManualResetEvent atau ManualResetEventSlim dan secara manual mengurangi variabel sebelum memberi sinyal peristiwa. Misalnya, dalam skenario garpu/gabung, Anda cukup membuat CountdownEvent yang memiliki jumlah sinyal 5, lalu memulai lima item pekerjaan di kumpulan utas dan meminta setiap item pekerjaan memanggil Signal saat selesai. Setiap panggilan ke Signal mengurangi jumlah sinyal sebanyak 1. Di utas utama, panggilan ke Wait akan diblokir hingga jumlah sinyal nol.
Catatan
Untuk kode yang tidak harus berinteraksi dengan API sinkronisasi .NET Framework lama, pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan objek System.Threading.Tasks.Task atau metode Invoke untuk pendekatan yang lebih mudah dalam mengekspresikan paralelisme fork-join.
CountdownEvent memiliki fitur tambahan berikut:
Operasi menunggu dapat dibatalkan dengan menggunakan token pembatalan.
Jumlah sinyalnya dapat bertambah setelah instans dibuat.
Instans dapat digunakan kembali setelah Wait dikembalikan dengan memanggil metode Reset.
Instans mengekspos WaitHandle untuk integrasi dengan API sinkronisasi .NET lainnya, seperti WaitAll .
Penggunaan Dasar
Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakan CountdownEvent dengan ThreadPool item kerja.
IEnumerable<Data> source = GetData();
using (CountdownEvent e = new CountdownEvent(1))
{
// fork work:
foreach (Data element in source)
{
// Dynamically increment signal count.
e.AddCount();
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate(object state)
{
try
{
ProcessData(state);
}
finally
{
e.Signal();
}
},
element);
}
e.Signal();
// The first element could be run on this thread.
// Join with work.
e.Wait();
}
// .,.
Dim source As IEnumerable(Of Data) = GetData()
Dim e = New CountdownEvent(1)
' Fork work:
For Each element As Data In source
' Dynamically increment signal count.
e.AddCount()
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Sub(state)
Try
ProcessData(state)
Finally
e.Signal()
End Try
End Sub,
element)
Next
' Decrement the signal count by the one we added
' in the constructor.
e.Signal()
' The first element could also be run on this thread.
' ProcessData(New Data(0))
' Join with work:
e.Wait()
CountdownEvent Dengan Pembatalan
Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara membatalkan operasi tunggu di CountdownEvent dengan menggunakan token pembatalan. Pola dasar mengikuti model untuk pembatalan terpadu, yang diperkenalkan di .NET Framework 4. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Pembatalan di Utas Terkelola .
class CancelableCountdownEvent
{
class Data
{
public int Num { get; set; }
public Data(int i) { Num = i; }
public Data() { }
}
class DataWithToken
{
public CancellationToken Token { get; set; }
public Data Data { get; private set; }
public DataWithToken(Data data, CancellationToken ct)
{
this.Data = data;
this.Token = ct;
}
}
static IEnumerable<Data> GetData()
{
return new List<Data>() { new Data(1), new Data(2), new Data(3), new Data(4), new Data(5) };
}
static void ProcessData(object obj)
{
DataWithToken dataWithToken = (DataWithToken)obj;
if (dataWithToken.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Console.WriteLine("Canceled before starting {0}", dataWithToken.Data.Num);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
{
if (dataWithToken.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling while executing {0}", dataWithToken.Data.Num);
return;
}
// Increase this value to slow down the program.
Thread.SpinWait(100000);
}
Console.WriteLine("Processed {0}", dataWithToken.Data.Num);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
EventWithCancel();
Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void EventWithCancel()
{
IEnumerable<Data> source = GetData();
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
//Enable cancellation request from a simple UI thread.
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
if (Console.ReadKey().KeyChar == 'c')
cts.Cancel();
});
// Event must have a count of at least 1
CountdownEvent e = new CountdownEvent(1);
// fork work:
foreach (Data element in source)
{
DataWithToken item = new DataWithToken(element, cts.Token);
// Dynamically increment signal count.
e.AddCount();
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate(object state)
{
ProcessData(state);
if (!cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
e.Signal();
},
item);
}
// Decrement the signal count by the one we added
// in the constructor.
e.Signal();
// The first element could be run on this thread.
// Join with work or catch cancellation.
try
{
e.Wait(cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException oce)
{
if (oce.CancellationToken == cts.Token)
{
Console.WriteLine("User canceled.");
}
else
{
throw; //We don't know who canceled us!
}
}
finally {
e.Dispose();
cts.Dispose();
}
//...
} //end method
} //end class
Option Strict On
Option Explicit On
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module CancelEventWait
Class Data
Public Num As Integer
Public Sub New(ByVal i As Integer)
Num = i
End Sub
Public Sub New()
End Sub
End Class
Class DataWithToken
Public Token As CancellationToken
Public _data As Data
Public Sub New(ByVal d As Data, ByVal ct As CancellationToken)
Me._data = d
Me.Token = ct
End Sub
End Class
Class Program
Shared Function GetData() As IEnumerable(Of Data)
Dim nums = New List(Of Data)
For i As Integer = 1 To 5
nums.Add(New Data(i))
Next
Return nums
End Function
Shared Sub ProcessData(ByVal obj As Object)
Dim dataItem As DataWithToken = CType(obj, DataWithToken)
If dataItem.Token.IsCancellationRequested = True Then
Console.WriteLine("Canceled before starting {0}", dataItem._data.Num)
Exit Sub
End If
' Increase this value to slow down the program.
For i As Integer = 0 To 10000
If dataItem.Token.IsCancellationRequested = True Then
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling while executing {0}", dataItem._data.Num)
Exit Sub
End If
Thread.SpinWait(100000)
Next
Console.WriteLine("Processed {0}", dataItem._data.Num)
End Sub
Shared Sub Main()
DoEventWithCancel()
Console.WriteLine("Press the enter key to exit.")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
Shared Sub DoEventWithCancel()
Dim source As IEnumerable(Of Data) = GetData()
Dim cts As CancellationTokenSource = New CancellationTokenSource()
' Enable cancellation request from a simple UI thread.
Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()
If Console.ReadKey().KeyChar = "c"c Then
cts.Cancel()
End If
End Sub)
' Must have a count of at least 1 or else it is signaled.
Dim e As CountdownEvent = New CountdownEvent(1)
For Each element As Data In source
Dim item As DataWithToken = New DataWithToken(element, cts.Token)
' Dynamically increment signal count.
e.AddCount()
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Sub(state)
ProcessData(state)
If cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested = False Then
e.Signal()
End If
End Sub,
item)
Next
' Decrement the signal count by the one we added
' in the constructor.
e.Signal()
' The first element could be run on this thread.
' ProcessData(source(0))
' Join with work or catch cancellation exception
Try
e.Wait(cts.Token)
Catch ex As OperationCanceledException
If ex.CancellationToken = cts.Token Then
Console.WriteLine("User canceled.")
Else : Throw ' we don't know who canceled us.
End If
Finally
e.Dispose()
cts.Dispose()
End Try
End Sub
End Class
End Module
Perhatikan bahwa operasi tunggu tidak membatalkan utas yang menandakannya. Biasanya, pembatalan diterapkan ke operasi logis, dan itu dapat mencakup menunggu pada acara serta semua item pekerjaan yang menunggu sedang disinkronkan. Dalam contoh ini, setiap item pekerjaan diberikan salinan token pembatalan yang sama sehingga dapat merespons permintaan pembatalan.
