Cara: Mendengarkan Beberapa Permintaan Pembatalan
Contoh ini menunjukkan cara mendengarkan dua token pembatalan secara bersamaan sehingga Anda dapat membatalkan operasi jika salah satu token memintanya.
Catatan
Saat "Hanya Kode Saya" diaktifkan, Visual Studio dalam beberapa kasus akan terputus pada baris yang melemparkan pengecualian dan menampilkan pesan kesalahan yang mengatakan "pengecualian tidak ditangani oleh kode pengguna." Kesalahan ini tidak berbahaya. Anda dapat menekan F5 untuk melanjutkannya, dan melihat perilaku penanganan pengecualian yang ditunjukkan dalam contoh di bawah ini. Untuk mencegah Visual Studio melanggar kesalahan pertama, cukup hapus centang pada kotak centang "Hanya Kode Saya" di bawah Alat, Opsi, Penelusuran Kesalahan, Umum.
Contoh
Dalam contoh berikut, metode CreateLinkedTokenSource ini digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua token ke dalam satu token. Ini memungkinkan token diteruskan ke metode yang hanya mengambil satu token pembatalan sebagai argumen. Contoh menunjukkan skenario umum di mana metode harus mengamati token yang diteruskan dari luar kelas, dan token yang dihasilkan di dalam kelas.
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class LinkedTokenSourceDemo
{
static void Main()
{
WorkerWithTimer worker = new WorkerWithTimer();
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
// Task for UI thread, so we can call Task.Wait wait on the main thread.
Task.Run(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Press 'c' to cancel within 3 seconds after work begins.");
Console.WriteLine("Or let the task time out by doing nothing.");
if (Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar == 'c')
cts.Cancel();
});
// Let the user read the UI message.
Thread.Sleep(1000);
// Start the worker task.
Task task = Task.Run(() => worker.DoWork(cts.Token), cts.Token);
try
{
task.Wait(cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException e)
{
if (e.CancellationToken == cts.Token)
Console.WriteLine("Canceled from UI thread throwing OCE.");
}
catch (AggregateException ae)
{
Console.WriteLine("AggregateException caught: " + ae.InnerException);
foreach (var inner in ae.InnerExceptions)
{
Console.WriteLine(inner.Message + inner.Source);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
cts.Dispose();
}
}
class WorkerWithTimer
{
CancellationTokenSource internalTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
CancellationToken internalToken;
CancellationToken externalToken;
Timer timer;
public WorkerWithTimer()
{
// A toy cancellation trigger that times out after 3 seconds
// if the user does not press 'c'.
timer = new Timer(new TimerCallback(CancelAfterTimeout), null, 3000, 3000);
}
public void DoWork(CancellationToken externalToken)
{
// Create a new token that combines the internal and external tokens.
this.internalToken = internalTokenSource.Token;
this.externalToken = externalToken;
using (CancellationTokenSource linkedCts =
CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(internalToken, externalToken))
{
try
{
DoWorkInternal(linkedCts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
if (internalToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Console.WriteLine("Operation timed out.");
}
else if (externalToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cancelling per user request.");
externalToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
}
}
}
}
private void DoWorkInternal(CancellationToken token)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// We need to dispose the timer if cancellation
// was requested by the external token.
timer.Dispose();
// Throw the exception.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
}
// Simulating work.
Thread.SpinWait(7500000);
Console.Write("working... ");
}
}
public void CancelAfterTimeout(object? state)
{
Console.WriteLine("\r\nTimer fired.");
internalTokenSource.Cancel();
timer.Dispose();
}
}
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Class LinkedTokenSourceDemo
Shared Sub Main()
Dim worker As New WorkerWithTimer()
Dim cts As New CancellationTokenSource()
' Task for UI thread, so we can call Task.Wait wait on the main thread.
Task.Run(Sub()
Console.WriteLine("Press 'c' to cancel within 3 seconds after work begins.")
Console.WriteLine("Or let the task time out by doing nothing.")
If Console.ReadKey(True).KeyChar = "c"c Then
cts.Cancel()
End If
End Sub)
' Let the user read the UI message.
Thread.Sleep(1000)
' Start the worker task.
Dim t As Task = Task.Run(Sub() worker.DoWork(cts.Token), cts.Token)
Try
t.Wait()
Catch ae As AggregateException
For Each inner In ae.InnerExceptions
Console.WriteLine(inner.Message)
Next
End Try
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
Console.ReadKey()
cts.Dispose()
End Sub
End Class
Class WorkerWithTimer
Dim internalTokenSource As CancellationTokenSource
Dim token As CancellationToken
Dim timer As Timer
Public Sub New()
internalTokenSource = New CancellationTokenSource()
token = internalTokenSource.Token
' A toy cancellation trigger that times out after 3 seconds
' if the user does not press 'c'.
timer = New Timer(New TimerCallback(AddressOf CancelAfterTimeout), Nothing, 3000, 3000)
End Sub
Public Sub DoWork(ByVal externalToken As CancellationToken)
' Create a new token that combines the internal and external tokens.
Dim internalToken As CancellationToken = internalTokenSource.Token
Dim linkedCts As CancellationTokenSource =
CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(internalToken, externalToken)
Using (linkedCts)
Try
DoWorkInternal(linkedCts.Token)
Catch e As OperationCanceledException
If e.CancellationToken = internalToken Then
Console.WriteLine("Operation timed out.")
ElseIf e.CancellationToken = externalToken Then
Console.WriteLine("Canceled by external token.")
externalToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()
End If
End Try
End Using
End Sub
Private Sub DoWorkInternal(ByVal token As CancellationToken)
For i As Integer = 0 To 1000
If token.IsCancellationRequested Then
' We need to dispose the timer if cancellation
' was requested by the external token.
timer.Dispose()
' Output for demonstration purposes.
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf + "Cancelling per request.")
' Throw the exception.
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()
End If
' Simulating work.
Thread.SpinWait(7500000)
Console.Write("working... ")
Next
End Sub
Public Sub CancelAfterTimeout(ByVal state As Object)
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf + "Timer fired.")
internalTokenSource.Cancel()
timer.Dispose()
End Sub
End Class
Ketika token yang ditautkan melempar OperationCanceledException, token yang diteruskan ke pengecualian adalah token yang ditautkan, bukan salah satu token pendahulunya. Untuk menentukan token mana yang dibatalkan, periksa status token pendahulu secara langsung.
Dalam contoh ini, AggregateException tidak boleh dilemparkan, tetapi tertangkap di sini karena dalam skenario dunia nyata pengecualian lain selain yang dilemparkan dari delegasi tugas dibungkus OperationCanceledException dalam AggregateException.
