How to: Create Custom Configuration Sections Using ConfigurationSection

Artikel
10/22/2014

You can extend ASP.NET configuration settings with XML configuration elements of your own. To do this, you create a custom configuration section handler. The handler must be a .NET Framework class that inherits from the System.Configuration..::.ConfigurationSection class. The section handler interprets and processes the settings that are defined in XML configuration elements in a specific section of a Web.config file. You can read and write these settings through the handler's properties.

To create a custom configuration section handler

Create a public class that inherits from the System.Configuration..::.ConfigurationSection class.

Add code to perform the configuration task or tasks.

The following example shows how to create a handler for a custom configuration section named "PageAppearance." The section has a RemoteOnly attribute and Font and Color elements. The code shows how to use string, integer, and Boolean attributes. It also shows how to use string and integer validators for those attributes. (The Boolean attribute is automatically validated.) The validators check the format of the configuration markup at run time and throw exceptions if the values provided for the custom attributes do not meet the specified criteria.

Imports System
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Xml

Namespace Samples.AspNet

    PublicClass PageAppearanceSection
        Inherits ConfigurationSection

        ' Create a "remoteOnly" attribute.
        <ConfigurationProperty("remoteOnly", DefaultValue:="false", IsRequired:=False)> _
        PublicProperty RemoteOnly() AsBooleanGetReturnCType(Me("remoteOnly"), Boolean)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value AsBoolean)
                Me("remoteOnly") = value
            EndSetEndProperty
        ' Create a "font" element.
        <ConfigurationProperty("font")> _
        PublicProperty Font() As FontElement
            GetReturnCType(Me("font"), FontElement)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value As FontElement)
                Me("font") = value
            EndSetEndProperty
        ' Create a "color element."
        <ConfigurationProperty("color")> _
        PublicProperty Color() As ColorElement
            GetReturnCType(Me("color"), ColorElement)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value As ColorElement)
                Me("color") = value
            EndSetEndPropertyEndClass
    ' Define the "font" element    ' with "name" and "size" attributes.PublicClass FontElement
        Inherits ConfigurationElement

        <ConfigurationProperty("name", DefaultValue:="Arial", IsRequired:=True), _
         StringValidator(InvalidCharacters:="~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\""|\\", MinLength:=1, MaxLength:=60)> _
        PublicProperty Name() AsStringGetReturnCType(Me("name"), String)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value AsString)
                Me("name") = value
            EndSetEndProperty

        <ConfigurationProperty("size", DefaultValue:="12", IsRequired:=False), _
         IntegerValidator(ExcludeRange:=False, MaxValue:=24, MinValue:=6)> _
        PublicProperty Size() AsIntegerGetReturnCType(Me("size"), Integer)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value AsInteger)
                Me("size") = value
            EndSetEndPropertyEndClass
    ' Define the "color" element     ' with "background" and "foreground" attributes.PublicClass ColorElement
        Inherits ConfigurationElement

        <ConfigurationProperty("background", DefaultValue:="FFFFFF", IsRequired:=True), _
         StringValidator(InvalidCharacters:="~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\""|\\GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", MinLength:=6, MaxLength:=6)> _
        PublicProperty Background() AsStringGetReturnCType(Me("background"), String)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value AsString)
                Me("background") = value
            EndSetEndProperty

        <ConfigurationProperty("foreground", DefaultValue:="000000", IsRequired:=True), _
         StringValidator(InvalidCharacters:="~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\""|\\GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", MinLength:=6, MaxLength:=6)> _
        PublicProperty Foreground() AsStringGetReturnCType(Me("foreground"), String)
            EndGetSet(ByVal value AsString)
                Me("foreground") = value
            EndSetEndPropertyEndClassEndNamespace

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Xml;

namespace Samples.AspNet
{
    publicclass PageAppearanceSection : ConfigurationSection
    {
        // Create a "remoteOnly" attribute.
        [ConfigurationProperty("remoteOnly", DefaultValue = "false", IsRequired = false)]
        public Boolean RemoteOnly
        {
            get
            { 
                return (Boolean)this["remoteOnly"]; 
            }
            set
            { 
                this["remoteOnly"] = value; 
            }
        }

        // Create a "font" element.
        [ConfigurationProperty("font")]
        public FontElement Font
        {
            get
            { 
                return (FontElement)this["font"]; }
            set
            { this["font"] = value; }
        }

        // Create a "color element."
        [ConfigurationProperty("color")]
        public ColorElement Color
        {
            get
            {
                return (ColorElement)this["color"];
            }
            set
            { this["color"] = value; }
        }
    }

    // Define the "font" element
    // with "name" and "size" attributes.
    publicclass FontElement : ConfigurationElement
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("name", DefaultValue="Arial", IsRequired = true)]
        [StringValidator(InvalidCharacters = "~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\"|\\", MinLength = 1, MaxLength = 60)]
        public String Name
        {
            get
            {
                return (String)this["name"];
            }
            set
            {
                this["name"] = value;
            }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("size", DefaultValue = "12", IsRequired = false)]
        [IntegerValidator(ExcludeRange = false, MaxValue = 24, MinValue = 6)]
        publicint Size
        {
            get
            { return (int)this["size"]; }
            set
            { this["size"] = value; }
        }
    }

    // Define the "color" element 
    // with "background" and "foreground" attributes.
    publicclass ColorElement : ConfigurationElement
    {
        [ConfigurationProperty("background", DefaultValue = "FFFFFF", IsRequired = true)]
        [StringValidator(InvalidCharacters = "~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\"|\\GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", MinLength = 6, MaxLength = 6)]
        public String Background
        {
            get
            {
                return (String)this["background"];
            }
            set
            {
                this["background"] = value;
            }
        }

        [ConfigurationProperty("foreground", DefaultValue = "000000", IsRequired = true)]
        [StringValidator(InvalidCharacters = "~!@#$%^&*()[]{}/;'\"|\\GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", MinLength = 6, MaxLength = 6)]
        public String Foreground
        {
            get
            {
                return (String)this["foreground"];
            }
            set
            {
                this["foreground"] = value;
            }
        }

    }

}

This example uses the declarative model. A configuration section handler can also be implemented programmatically. For an example, see Classes Used to Create Custom Section Handlers and the System.Configuration..::.ConfigurationSection class overview.

To add a custom section handler to an ASP.NET configuration file

In the Web.config file, add a sectionGroup element and a section element inside the configSections element, as shown in the following example. The declaration associates the custom section handler with the section name.

Note

Nesting a section element in a sectionGroup is optional, but we recommend doing this to help organize configuration data.
```
<configuration>

  <configSections>
    <sectionGroup name="pageAppearanceGroup">
      <section 
        name="pageAppearance" 
        type="Samples.AspNet.PageAppearanceSection" 
        allowLocation="true" 
        allowDefinition="Everywhere"
      />
    </sectionGroup>
      
  </configSections>

  

</configuration>
```
You can add the section-handler declaration in a different configuration file than the one where you add the custom configuration elements, providing that the configuration file where the section handler is declared is higher in the configuration file hierarchy. For more information, see ASP.NET Configuration File Hierarchy and Inheritance.

The assembly file that contains the type defined by the section element must be in the same ASP.NET Web site directory as the Web.config file that references it. The type attribute of the section element must match the manifest of the assembly or a configuration error will be thrown.

Add custom configuration elements in the configuration section settings area of the Web.config file, as shown in the following example:

<configuration>

<!-- Configuration section-handler declaration area. -->

  <!-- Configuration section settings area. -->
  <pageAppearanceGroup>
    <pageAppearance remoteOnly="true">
      <font name="TimesNewRoman" size="18"/>
      <color background="000000" foreground="FFFFFF"/>
    </pageAppearance>
  </pageAppearanceGroup>

  <!-- Other configuration settings, such as system.web -->

</configuration>

To programmatically access custom configuration data

Get an instance of the custom configuration object and use the GetSection method or the GetSection method to populate it.

The following example shows an ASP.NET Web page that works with the previous examples to enumerate the attributes and child elements of the custom configuration section.

<%@ Page Language="VB"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
  ProtectedSub Page_Load(ByVal sender AsObject, ByVal e As EventArgs)
    Dim config As Samples.AspNet.PageAppearanceSection = _
      CType(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection( _
        "pageAppearanceGroup/pageAppearance"),  _
      Samples.AspNet.PageAppearanceSection)

    Response.Write("<h2>Settings in the PageAppearance Section:</h2>")
    Response.Write("RemoteOnly: " _
                    + config.RemoteOnly.ToString() + "<br>")
    Response.Write("Font name and size: " _
                    + config.Font.Name + " " _
                    + config.Font.Size.ToString() + "<br>")
    Response.Write("Background and foreground color: " _
                    + config.Color.Background + " " _
                    + config.Color.Foreground + "<br>")
  EndSub

</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
  <title>Custom Configuration Section Example</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form id="form1" runat="server">
  <div>
    <h1>
  </div>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<script runat="server">
  protectedvoid Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    Samples.AspNet.PageAppearanceSection config =
        (Samples.AspNet.PageAppearanceSection)System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection(
        "pageAppearanceGroup/pageAppearance");

    Response.Write("<h2>Settings in the PageAppearance Section:</h2>");
    Response.Write(string.Format("RemoteOnly: {0}<br>", 
        config.RemoteOnly));
    Response.Write(string.Format("Font name and size: {0} {1}<br>",
        config.Font.Name, config.Font.Size));
    Response.Write(
        string.Format("Background and foreground color: {0} {1}<br>",
        config.Color.Background, config.Color.Foreground));
  }
</script>

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
  <title>Custom Configuration Section Example</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form id="form1" runat="server">
  <div>
    <h1>
  </div>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

Change History

Date	History	Reason
April 2009	Added links to related topics.	Customer feedback.

Bagikan melalui

How to: Create Custom Configuration Sections Using ConfigurationSection

To create a custom configuration section handler

To add a custom section handler to an ASP.NET configuration file

To programmatically access custom configuration data

See Also

Concepts

Reference

Other Resources

Change History

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