Rnd Function (Visual Basic)

Returns a random number of type Single.

Public Shared Function Rnd[(Number)] As Single

Parameters

• Number
  Optional. A Single value or any valid Single expression.

Return Value

If number is	Rnd generates
Less than zero	The same number every time, using Number as the seed.
Greater than zero	The next random number in the sequence.
Equal to zero	The most recently generated number.
Not supplied	The next random number in the sequence.

Remarks

The Rnd function returns a value less than 1, but greater than or equal to zero.

The value of Number determines how Rnd generates a random number.

For any given initial seed, the same number sequence is generated because each successive call to the Rnd function uses the previously generated number as a seed for the next number in the sequence.

Before calling Rnd, use the Randomize statement without an argument to initialize the random-number generator with a seed based on the system timer.

To produce random integers in a given range, use the following formula.

randomValue = CInt(Math.Floor((upperbound - lowerbound + 1) * Rnd())) + lowerbound

Here, upperbound is the highest number in the range, and lowerbound is the lowest number in the range.

Note

To repeat sequences of random numbers, call Rnd with a negative argument immediately before using Randomize with a numeric argument. Using Randomize with the same value for Number does not repeat the previous sequence.

Security Note:
Because the Random statement and the Rnd function start with a seed value and generate numbers that fall within a finite range, the results may be predictable by someone who knows the algorithm used to generate them. Consequently, the Random statement and the Rnd function should not be used to generate random numbers for use in cryptography.

Example

This example uses the Rnd function to generate a random integer value in the range from 1 to 6.

' Initialize the random-number generator.
Randomize()
' Generate random value between 1 and 6. 
Dim value As Integer = CInt(Int((6 * Rnd()) + 1))

Requirements

Namespace:Microsoft.VisualBasic

**Module:**VBMath

Assembly: Visual Basic Runtime Library (in Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll)

See Also

Reference

Randomize Function (Visual Basic)

Math Summary

Randomize Function (Visual Basic)

Change History

Date	History	Reason
July 2008	Revised code example.	Customer feedback.